Benthic Pollution Assessment Based on Macrobenthic Community Structure in Gamak Bay, Southern Coast of Korea

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Benthic pollution assessment based on macrobenthic community structure with environmental variables was carried out at twelve stations during two periods on a presumed pollution gradient in Gamak Bay. Univariate and multivariate methods were applied to investigate structural changes in the benthic communities. A clear gradient of pollution effects on the macrobenthic community was observed from the interior to the exterior of the bay. The community on the northwestern basin was severely disturbed due to a low level of hydrodynamics and a large amount of pollutant input from nearby cities. Exterior regions on the southern basin appeared to have the best benthic environmental characteristics among all stations according to most methods of analysis. Central ridge regions and two stations around the islets in the mouth of the bay exhibited intermediate levels of perturbation when compared to the more disturbed interior and undisturbed exterior regions. Pollution effects on the communities were attenuated at the southern area of the central ridge during spring compared to those of summer, where aquacultural farming was densely distributed. The environmental variables primarily correlated to the macrobenthic community structure were total organic carbon (C), organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), and tributyltins (TBTs) contents found on the surface sediment, as anthropogenic variables indicating organic materials.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 "taxonomic changes and abundance/biomass relationships in disturbed benthic communities. Mar. Biol." 739-744,

2 "and K.T. Yoon. 1997. How are the sp How are the spatio-temporal distribution patterns of benthic macrofaunal communities affected by the construction of Shihwa dike in the west coast of Korea?atio-temporal distribution patterns of benthic macrofaunal communities affected by the construction of Shihwa dike in the west coast of Korea" 30 (30): 882-895, 1997

3 "and B.J. Koo. 2003. Changes in benthic communities along a presumed pollution gradient in Vancouver Harbour. Mar. Env. Res." 57 : 121-135, 2003

4 "Utilization of meiobenthos for pollution monitoring in the Gamak Bay, Korea" 33 (33): 307-319, 2000

5 "T.H. and R. Rosenberg. 1978. Macrobenthic succession in relation to organic enrichment and pollution of the marine environment. Oceanogr. Mar. Biol. Ann. Rev." 229-311,

6 "Studies on automated marine environmental monitoring System. BSPM 170-00-1481-3" 548-, 2002

7 "R.M. and K.R. Clarke. 1991. A comparison of some methods for benthic community structure. J. Mar. Biol. Ass. U. K." 225-244,

8 "R.M. 1986. A new method for detecting pollution effects on marine macrobenthic communities. Mar. Biol." 557-562,

9 "Marine pollution, Fourth edition" Clarendon Press 161-, 1997

10 "Marine environmental assessment based on the benthic macrofaunal compositions in the coastal area of Inchon, Korea" 30 (30): 771-781, 1997

11 "Marine environmental assessment based on the benthic faunal communities - Management technique for marine environmental protection" 339-, 1995

12 "Macrobenthic community structure in estuarine pollution assessment on the Gulf of Cadiz (SW Spain): is the Phylum-level meta-analysis approach applicable?" 38 (38): 1038-1047, 1999

13 "Macrobenthic community in the soft bottom around Sorido Island, Southern coast of Korea" 34 (34): 225-237, 2001

14 "M. 1991. Impacts of aquaculture on surrounding sediments generation of organic rich sediment. p. 155-175. In ed. by De Pauw"

15 "K.R. and M. Ainsworth. 1993. A method for linking multivariate community structure to environmental variables. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser." 205-209,

16 "K.R. 1990. Comparison of dominance curve. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol." 143-157,

17 "H.S. 1993. The study on the macrozoobenthic ecology in Chinhae Bay" Pukyung University. 311 p.

18 "H.J. 1981. Late quaternary sedimentary processes in the Gamagyang Bay south coast of Korea. M.S. Thesis" Seoul National University.

19 "H. and S. Tsukuda. 1984. A population ecology of the small bivalve Theora lubricata in northern Bingo-Nada. Bull. Jap. Soc. Sci. Fish." 1855-1862.

20 "G.H. 1993. Fisheries oceanographical studies on the production of the farming oyster in Kamak Bay. Ph. D. thesis. National Fisheries University of Pusan."

21 "G.H. 1992. The pattern of sea water circulation in Kamak Bay. J. Kor. Soc. Fish. Tech." 117-131,

22 "Ecological analysis in a polluted area of Algeciras Bay (Southern Spain): External ‘versus' internal outfalls and environmental implications" 34 (34): 780-793, 1997

23 "Development of monitoring methods for mariculture farm. BSPG 98292-00-1196-3" 535-, 1999

24 "Detection of thermal pollution: Variability of benthic communities at two different spatial scales in an area influenced by a coastal power station" 38 (38): 296-303, 1999

25 "Detection of stress on macrozoobenthos: Evaluation of some methods in a coastal Mediterranean Lagoon" 45 (45): 367-386, 1998

26 "Community structure of the macrobenthos in the soft bottom of Yongsan River Estuary, Korea" 31 (31): 343-352, 1998

27 "Changes in marine benthic communities: an approach to statistical analysis and interpretation" 2001

28 "Changes in benthic community structure along an environmental pollution gradient" 30 (30): 470-474, 1995

29 "Benthic polychaetous community in Kamak Bay, Southern coast of Korea" 30 (30): 250-261, 1995

30 "An effect of wind on circulation in Kamak Bay" 32 (32): 674-679, 1999

31 "Abundance and distribution pattern of the Smelid Bivalve, Theora fragilis A. Adams in Chinhae bay, Korea" 11 (11): 21-34, 1995

32 "A.F. 1985. Long-term variation of macrobenthos in a mesohaline region of Chesapeake Bay. Estuaries" 93-113,

33 "A study of the macrobenthos at the intensive fish farming grounds in the southern coast of Korea" 70 : 235-246,

34 "A comprehensive analysis of the effects of offshore oil and gas exploration and production on the benthic communities of the Norwegian continental shelf" 122 : 277-306, 1995