헬싱키 협정의 이행 (바스켓 Ⅲ) = 〈모스크바 헬싱키 그룹〉의 활동을 중심으로

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The present research studies how human rights movement in the Soviet Union was affected by the signing and implementation of human rights related clauses, finalized in the form of the Final Act and Basket Ⅲ by the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe. Ironically, the Helsinki Accords had impact upon both the stagnation and revitalization of Soviet human rights movement. In the first place, the Brezhnev regime went heavy hands with the movement, since it wanted to take upper grounds in negotiation with the West. However, Moscow, granted with the post-war borders and its influence upon the Eastern Europe, took it as diplomatic victory. With convoluted confidence, the government went on a wide publicity campaign, including the publication of human-rights clauses on the party newspapers. This provided a fresh inspiration for Soviet human rights activists. This is the background against which a human rights organization called the Moscow Helsinki Group was founded on the excuse that it would monitor the actual implementation by the Brezhnev government. The Moscow Helsinki Group had been active for six years and four months, making it public 230 statements.
The Moscow Helsinki Group exerted its influence upon Soviet republics and beyond, into Eastern European countries. The Group engaged in activities in peaceful and legal ways. Yet the Soviet government cracked down on the movement, making arrests and deportation. It also dismissed all the expression of western concerns, as intervention of internal affairs, citing Clause 6, Basket I. Western countries refrained from taking active responses to these Soviet activists, thinking that it would negative impact upon the detente system.
However, it should be mentioned that the Soviet activists made active use of the Helsinki Accords in widening and strengthening human rights movements at home. In this respective, the Accords is thought to have left positive influence upon the movement. Before the Accords came into being, human rights movement happened in various forms, nationalist, religious and so on. All these different branches of movement were brought into one, the Moscow Helsinki Group, whose shared goal was to demand Moscow to implement the international agreement. Also, the Accords resulted in subdivision of human rights movements into functionally more specific groups.
In conclusion, the Helsinki Accords provided much strengthened moral and legal ground for the Soviet human rights movements. The Accords simply served to verify those values that no society could afford to be exempt from. It overlapped much with what the Soviet activists had persistently claimed for. This is so, in spite of the fact that the Accords was the outcome of political negotiations between the West and East.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. 머리말
• Ⅱ. 헬싱키 협정 체결 이전의 소련 인권운동
• Ⅲ. 헬싱키 협정 체결 이후 〈모스크바 헬싱키 그룹〉의 활동
• Ⅳ. 맺음말
• 참고문헌
• Abstract