예멘 현대 여성문학 연구 -아지자 압둘라의 소설 『아흘람...나빌라』 분석을 중심으로 = A Study on Modern Feminism Literature in Yemen -Concentrating on the analysis of Azizah Abdullah`s novel 『Ahlam...Nabilah』-

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This thesis aims at studying aspects of modern Yemenite feminism literature. For this purpose the thesis dealt with two subjects. The one is an overview about the situation of Yemenite women, which includes Yemenite women`s role throughout history of Yemen and the state of modern Yemenite feminism literature. This is supposed to be a necessary research for furthering more studies on related fields. The other subject is concentrated on the analysis of Azizah Abdullah`s novel 『Ahlam ... Nabilah』, one of the representative novels by modern Yemenite women writers. In ancient Yemen there were some distinguished women such as queens including Bilqis of Saba`, priestesses(kahinah), and learned women. Also, during the ages of dynasties of al-Sulayhiyah and Rasul, some eminent women like al-Sayyidah Asma` and al-Sayyidah bint Ahmad showed their activities in the fields of ruling, scholarship, and social works. These documents prove the important roles of women in history of Yemen. Since 9th century, Yemen has undergone the stagnation of culture and knowledge due to its falling into imams` power, led by Shiitic Zayd sect. It resulted in complete interruption of women`s activities in all the fields of society. The only woman worthy of attention is Ghazal al-Maqdishiyah whose satirical poems turned to corrupt regime. The establishment of the Republic government of North Yemen in 1962 was a dramatic turning point of renewing the Yemenite society. Since that time, North Yemen started education program for women, which has successfully produced educated women. On the while, education for women in southern Yemen began earlier in the forties, owing to applying western institutions under the British colonization. This background germinated Yemenite women`s modern literature. Women writers` works appeared in the seventies in North Yemen, and in the sixties in South Yemen. It is worthy of notice that short stories came to the fore in their early literary works. Their short stories mostly based on realism dealt with the issue of women`s suffering from oppression of Yemenite patriarchal society. But the general activities of Yemenite women writers have been depressed under the flood tide of male authority. The 3rd chapter of the thesis is allocated for exploring the issue of the Yemenite feminism, represented in Azizah Abdullah`s 『Ahlam ... Nabilah』. This novel is distinguished by its realistic depiction of an oppressed woman`s life and vivid expression of her feeling of uneasiness under the Yemenite patriarchy. The main theme of the story from the feministic viewpoint centers around the identity of Yemenite women`s self. The novel shows the process of change which heroine(Ahlam)`s self has undergone under the given circumstances in her life. The shift of her self becomes clear in change of her name into three kinds: Halimah, a model of Yemenite conventional woman who is forced to obey; Ahlam, a type of woman with tenacious and altruist spirit; New Ahlam, a symbol of satanic woman with anger and hostility toward betrayers. Taking her strength of will to do independent action into consideration, Ahlam is regarded as an ideal type of woman in modern oriental societies, I think. Nevertheless, the final shift of her self into a destructionist New Ahlam shows that the reality betrays her blood and tears endeavor and strong desire to improve her lot. New Ahlam takes her revenge for the persons who betrayed her confidence. After all she acts now as an agent for an evil-minded woman(Amah Malik), wife of a corrupt highranking official. Amah Malik has once undergone bitter oppression of patriarch as Ahlam has done, and attempts to quench her thirst of animosity against patriarchal society by recourse to violence. Appearance of dangerous women like New Ahlam and Amah Malik in human society implies that neglect of a woman`s self-respect and fundamental human rights, and indifference to her eager to improve herself can lead to the losing of identity of

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