식품안전 위기관리시스템 분석 : 중국과 미국의 식품안전 예방대책과 사례 비교 분석을 중심으로

국문 초록 (Abstract)

식품안전 위기는 종종 우발적 사고로 나타나다. 그러나 우발적 이면에는 필 연성과 인간성이 강한 경우가 많다. 따라서 식품안전 위기 관리를 강화할 때 우발적 이면의 필연성과 인위성을 간과해서는 안 되며 위기를 유발할 수 있는 모든 불협화음을 제때 제거해야 한다. 요인, 불안정 요인. 식품안전은 국민들 에게 직접적이고 장기적으로 건강에 영향을 주기 때문에 이에 대한 관리는 매 우 중요하다. 그러나 식품안전과 관련한 문제는 끊임없이 제기되고 있으며, 그 위험 수준을 예측하기가 어려울 뿐만 아니라, 발생되는 문제도 식품이 물과 같이 단발적이며, 단기적인 영향을 주는 것에서 부터 방사능 누출과 같이 장 기적이고 중대한 영향을 미치는 것까지 다양하다. 큰 피해를 입히고 사회 각계의 관심의 초점이 되고 있으므로 식품안전 위기 관리 메커니즘을 구축 및 개선하고 각종 식품안전 위기 관리를 효과적으로 예방하고 효율 적으로 처리하며 우리 사회의 화합과 안정, 경제의 양호한 운영을 유지하며 소비자의 건강과 안전을 보호하는 데 지대한 역할을 한다. 그런 까닭에 식품 이 생산되어 소비되기까지의 전 과정에서 식품의 안전성을 확보하는 것은 국 민 전체의 건강 및 안전과 직결되는 문제로서 최상위의 공익 중의 하나라고 할 것이다.
식품안전 위기관리는 항상 많은 관심을 받았다. 이 논문에서는 관련 분야의 기존 학문적 개념을 탐색하고, 위의 상황을 기반으로 현재 상황을 연구하고, 식품안전 위기에 대처하는 중국의 문제점과 단점을 찾아내고, 이러한 문제점 과 단점의 원인을 분석한다. 이 분야에서 선진 지역의 선진 관행을 참고하여 중국의 식품안전 위기 예방 및 관리 시스템을 개선하기 위해 관련 작업에 대 한 중국의 효과적인 조치를 찾는다. 이와 동시에 감독 방향을 명확히 하고 감 독 비용을 절감하는 데 일정한 이론적 의의가 있다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Food is indispensable for people every day, so food safety must be one of the most concerned issues in the society. In recent years, Chinese media have reported a large number of food safety incidents, including Sanlu milk powder with melamine, KFC's Sudan Red, Nestle milk powder with excessive iodine, Haagen-Dazs' "black workshop" incident, etc., which have aroused high attention from all sectors of society, thus triggering a large number of food safety management mechanisms in China. The question and reflection. It involves the long-term supervision function of relevant functional departments, the ability of situation assessment and emergency response, media supervision and control,incident responsibility tracing, the popularization of food safety knowledge of the public, and the connection and communication with international food safety standards and other cross-cutting issues, and these issues must be reflected in a positive, efficient, scientific and responsible way in a short time. This triggered us to establish and improve China's food safety crisis management system thinking. The purpose of this paper is to explore how to improve the ability of food safety crisis management in China.
The first,second and third parts of this paper describe related concepts, introduce the theory of crisis management in management and how to apply this theory to food safety crisis management. After studying the current situation and problems of food safety crisis management in China, the main conclusions are as follows: In terms of organizational system, China has formed a crisis response system from central to local levels, but the mode of segmented supervision leads to the failure of crisis prevention management. In terms of working mechanism building, China's food safety monitoring and early warning system has been preliminarily established. An independent crisis investigation mechanism and food recall system have yet to be established. Risk communication is getting more attention, but remains a weak link. In terms of safeguard measures, laws and regulations have gradually improved. From the state to the local, the construction of the traceability system has been paid attention to and made some achievements. However, China's existing food safety standards, formulation process and food safety testing technology need to be strengthened. In addition, although the central and local governments have made coresponding crisis emergency plans, its operability still needs to be improved.
The fourth and fifth parts analyze the food safety management system of the United States. The food safety management system in the United States is based on a sound and flexible federal and local legal system and the industry's self-discipline to produce safe food in accordance with the law. Federal, state, and local authorities work together to manage food safety in the United States. Information is open and transparent, full accountability is clear, attention is paid to risk-based food safety analysis methods and early warning system construction, formed a complete and efficient food safety monitoring system, an orderly food-borne epidemic investigation system and a food recall system. Reviewed and analyzed the "tainted spinach incident in the United States" and the "contaminated peanut butter incident with Salmonella in the United States". In the case of "poisoned spinach Incident in the United States", the emergency warning mechanism of "unified management, territor-based and graded response" in the United States sets a good example for us, and provides us with strategic options for reducing food safety risks and effectively dealing with food safety crises. It mainly includes standardizing production standards, encouraging regional marketing agencies to sign marketing agreements,strengthening research on food safety standards, improving the traceability system, and giving full play to the positive role of the media. The disposal of "Salmonella contaminated peanut butter incident in the United States" highlights the important role of strict food recall system and food production safety management in food safety crisis management.
The last part proposed our country food safety crisis management system to improve the countermeasure suggestions. Firstly, the overall leading role of food safety coordination institutions should be enhanced in the aspect of organizational system construction. Expand the role of ngos in food safety crisis management. Establish a scientific food safety standard and quality inspection system. Establish a long-term guarantee mechanism for food safety supervision.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 제1장 서론 1
• 제2장 이론적 배경 7
• 제3장 중국의 식품안전 위기관리 시스템 23
• 제4장 중국 식품안전 위기사례 분석 45
• 제5장 미국 식품안전관리시스템 및 사례분석 73
• 제6장 결론 85