범죄피해, 범죄두려움, 범죄율과 지역주민의 생활만족도의 관계에 대한 다수준 분석: 경찰활동의 영향에 대한 탐색 = Exploring the Effects of Crime Victimization, Fear of Crime and Crime Rate upon Life Satisfaction in Korea: Does Policing Matter?

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Despite the necessity of inquiry into the relationship between crime and life satisfaction, this study conducted a multi-level analysis through a hierarchical linear model including various community environmental variables such as crime rate, considering the lack of empirical research in Korea. As a result, only specific fear of crime was negatively associated with life satisfaction whereas crime victimization, general fear of crime and crime rate were not found to be significantly related to life satisfaction. This negative effect of specific fear of crime on life satisfaction decreased in the area where the arrest rate was high. In addition, the perceived disorder had a negative effect on life satisfaction, while the community attachment as well as collective efficacy and trust in the police positively affected life satisfaction. At the regional level only the police substations was significantly and positively associated with life satisfaction, this positive effect was greater in the low-income group. Regarding cross-level interaction effects, the positive effects of community attachment and collective efficacy on life satisfaction were greater in the area where more police substations were placed. Also, the number of police substations and disposition of notification against the Minor Offenses Act were positively associated with life satisfaction in the group with low satisfaction, whereas specific fear of crime and perceived social disorder were negatively associated with life satisfaction in the group with high satisfaction. Based on the results, policy recommendations including the enhancement of arrest rate, the application of various crime prevention strategies to reduce fear of crime, the restoration of trust to police, the reinforcement of police response to disorder and the expansion of police substations were suggested, the limitations of the study were also discussed.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

범죄와 생활만족도의 관계에 대한 탐구의 필요성에도 불구하고 국내에서 실증연구가 부족한 연구의 공백을 고려하여 본 연구는 범죄율을 비롯한 다양한 지역사회 환경변수들을 포함하는 연구모형을 통해 다수준 분석을 실시하였다. 분석결과, 범죄요인 중에서는 구체적 범죄두려움만이 생활만족도에 부정적인 영향을 미쳤으며, 이외에 범죄피해와 일반적 두려움, 범죄발생 요인은 생활만족도와 유의한 관계가 발견되지 않았다. 이러한 구체적 범죄두려움의 생활만족도에 대한 부적효과는 범죄검거율이 높은 지역에서는 감소하였다. 다음으로 개인수준에서 인지된 무질서 요인은 생활만족도에 부정적인 영향을 주는 반면, 지역사회 유대와 집합적 효능감, 경찰에 대한 신뢰는 생활만족도에 긍정적인 영향을 주었다. 한편, 지역수준에서는 지역경찰관서 요인만이 생활만족도에 유의한 영향을 주었는데 지역경찰관서가 많을수록 생활만족도가 증가하였고, 이러한 효과는 저소득층에서 더 컸다. 수준간 상호작용 분석결과, 지역사회 유대와 집합적 효능감의 생활만족도에 대한 긍정적 효과는 지역경찰관서가 많은 곳에서 더 커졌다. 또한 생활만족도가 낮은 집단에서는 지역경찰관서가 많을수록, 통고처분 단속건수가 많을수록 생활만족도가 유의하게 증가한 반면, 생활만족도가 높은 집단에서는 구체적 범죄두려움과 인지된 사회적 무질서가 높을수록 생활만족도가 감소하였다. 이러한 분석결과를 바탕으로 범죄검거율의 제고와 범죄두려움을 감소시킬 수 있는 다양한 범죄예방 전략의 적용, 경찰에 대한 신뢰의 회복, 무질서에 대한 경찰대응의 강화, 지역의 치안거점인 지역경찰관서의 확대 등 정책적시사점을 도출하는 한편, 연구의 한계를 논의하였다.

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