일 지역 간호사의 양육 스트레스 = The parenting stress among nurses working in hospitals

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Purpose ; The purpose of this study was to explore context related to raising children and parenting stress among nurses who were working in acute hospitals located in a city. Specifically, general characteristics, job characteristics, parenting related characteristics of nurses raising children under 10 years old were surveyed and parenting stress was also identified as rather fundamental data for further research and/or development of strategies to support working nurses raising children.
Subject and method ; The subjects of this study were 170 nurses who was working in the acute hospitals from one city of south area of Kyeongsangnam-do. Among those nurses who raise children, only the ones raising children aged 10 or under with or without support from others. Survey questionnaires were composed of 5 sectors of general characteristics(10 items), flexibility of working conditions related characteristics (4 items), Social support system related characteristics (5 items), children-raising related characteristics (9 items), and parenting stress (27 items). 170 (100%) respondents completed survey questionnaires during the period of April 5th to 28th 2013. The collected data was analyzed using SPSS 18.0 with frequency, percentage, average and standard deviation as appropriate.
Results ; The results of the present study were as follows.
1. The average age of subjects was 35.67±4.13 years old. Most of subjects (86.5%) were once thought about resignation due to parenting problem. 87 respondents (51.2%) reported that they were receiving support for child rearing expense.
2. In nurse’s flexibility of working conditions, “In working time it’s not free to do home task or individual business.” has shown 3.35±.69 point and was highest.
3. In nurse’s social support system, most respondents (71.3%) get support from husband and relatives in case of difficulty for daily living.
4. In nurse’s child rearing status, the average of proxy bringing-up time of the youngest child was 9.15±4.74 hours and the average of child rearing expense was 66.09±34.58 ten thousand won. The average of child rearing expense burden has shown 3.01±.36 point in measure of 4 point. In parenting of non-school-age child, most rearer were nurse’s mothers (23.5%) and the main reason of choice was “The rearer is reliable.” (32.9%). In parenting of school-age child, after-school rearing facility was private academy (14.1%) and the main reason of choice was “It may be educational.” (10.6%). In addition to most respondents (21.2%) thought that it should be strengthen “the after-school program”.
5. In this research, nurse’s parenting stress reported score of 2.68±.35 point in measure of 4 point. Compared with previous research, this score is a little higher. In lower region of the parenting stress, parenting stress related to child rearing has shown 2.62±.39 point, parenting stress related to working has shown 3.09±.54 point.
Conclusion ; From the study results, nurses who had the intention to resign caused by parenting problem had higher parenting stress. To abate parenting stress of nurse, national support policies are needed like parenting surroundings improvement.
Parenting stress caused by child rearing expense burden was higher than parenting stress caused by child rearing expense. Addition to, the respondents’ positive perception is thought to be important to parenting stress.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

연구 목적 ; 본 연구의 목적은 일 지역 간호사의 양육실태와 양육스트레스를 파악하여 간호사의 만족감 및 삶의 질 증대와 안정감 있는 간호서비스 향상에 필요한 기초자료를 확보하기 위함이다.
연구 대상 및 방법 ; 본 연구의 대상은 C시 소재의 종합병원에 근무하는 영·유아, 학령전기 및 10세 이하 자녀가 한명이라도 있는 간호사 170명이었고, 2013년 4월 15일부터 4월 28일까지 직접설문조사를 실시하였다. 조사 결과 100% 설문지가 회수되어 총 170부를 자료 분석에 사용하였다. 설문지 내용은 일반적 특성 10문항, 김기현과 강희경(1997)이 개발한 도구를 김이진(2000)이 수정·보완한 근무조건 융통성과 관련한 요인 4문항, 사회적지지 체계와 관련한 요인 4문항, 자녀양육 실태 관련 공통 3문항과 비학령기 자녀 대상 3문항, 학령기 자녀 대상 3문항 등 자녀양육 실태 관련 요인 9문항, 자녀양육의 어려움으로 인한 스트레스 요인 27문항으로 총 55문항으로 구성되었다. 자료 분석은 SPSS 18 통계프로그램을 이용하여 빈도와 백분율, 평균과 표준편차를 구하였다.
연구 결과 ; 본 연구의 주요 결과는 다음과 같다.
1. 일 지역 간호사의 일반적 특성관련에서는 일 지역 간호사의 평균연령은 35.67±4.13세였고, 자녀 양육문제로 직장을 그만 두겠다고 생각해 본 경험이 있는 경우가 86.5%(147명)로 높게 나타났다. 자녀양육비 보조 유무는 ‘보조를 받고 있다’ 가 51.2%(87명)로 ‘보조를 받고 있지 않다’ 48.2%(82명)보다 더 많은 것으로 나타났다.
2. 일 지역 간호사의 양육관련 근무조건 융통성은 ‘근무시간 중에 개인적인 일이나 집안 일이 있을 때 시간을 낼 수 없다’ 의 경우가 3.35±.69점으로 가장 높게 나타났다.
3. 일 지역 간호사의 양육관련 사회적지지 체계는 일상생활 중 어려운 상황 발생 시 71.3%가 남편과 친인척의 도움을 받는 것으로 나타났다.
4. 일 지역 간호사의 자녀양육 실태는 가장어린 자녀의 대리양육 시간은 하루 평균 9.15±4.74시간, 자녀양육비용은 평균 66.09±34.58만원이었으며, 자녀 양육비용에 대한 부담정도는 4점 척도 평균 3.01±.36이었다.. 비학령기 자녀 양육 실태는 자녀를 주로 돌보는 사람(장소)은 친정어머니 23.5%(40명)였고, 양육방식 선택의 이유는 ‘보육 자를 믿을 수 있어서’가 32.9%(56명)였다. 학령기 자녀양육 실태는 학교수업 후 주로 돌보는 사람(장소)은 사설학원(영어, 특기적성 등)이 14.1%(24명), 선택 이유로는 ‘교육적일 것 같아서’가 10.6%(18명), 초등학생 자녀를 위해 강화되어야 한다고 생각하는 프로그램으로 21.2%(36명)가 ‘학교 방과 후 프로그램’이라고 답하였다.
5. 양육 스트레스는 4점 척도 평균 2.68±0.35점으로 선행연구의 결과보다 다소 높게 나타났다. 그 중 자녀양육관련 스트레스는 2.62±0.39점, 직장관련 스트레스는 3.09±0.54점이었다.
결론 ; 본 연구에서 양육문제로 직장을 그만두고 싶은 생각을 한 경험이 있는 경우가 양육스트레스가 높게 나타난 것을 보면 이들 대상자들의 양육스트레스를 완화하기 위한 양육환경 개선 등의 국가적인 지원정책이 마련되어야 한다고 사료된다.
본 연구결과 자녀양육 비용보다 자녀양육 비용부담 정도에 따른 양육 스트레스가 유의하게 더 높게 나온 것과 더불어 대상자들의 긍정적 인식정도가 양육 스트레스와의 관련성에 미치는 영향이 크다고 사료된다.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 국 문 요 약·······················································································Ⅴ
• 제 1 장 서 론····················································································1
• 제1절 연구의 필요성··········································································1
• 제2절 연구의 목적··············································································3
• 제3절 용어의 정의··············································································4
• 제 2 장 이론적 배경··········································································6
• 제1절 양육 스트레스··········································································6
• 제2절 간호사의 양육스트레스··························································8
• 제3절 자녀발달 단계별 부모의 역할··············································12
• 제4절 일 지역 간호사의 양육스트레스 영향 요인·······················17
• 1. 양육스트레스와 이직의도··························································17
• 2. 양육 스트레스와 근무조건 융통성···········································18
• 3. 양육스트레스와 사회적지지 체계··············································18
• 4. 양육스트레스와 자녀양육 실태··················································19
• 제 3 장 연구 방법············································································21
• 제1절 연구 설계················································································21
• 제2절 연구 대상················································································21
• 제3절 연구변수 및 연구도구···························································21
• 1. 일반적 특성···············································································21
• 2. 근무조건 융통성 ·······································································22
• 3. 사회적지지 체계 ·······································································22
• 4. 자녀양육 실태 ··········································································23
• 5. 양육스트레스 측정도구·······························································23
• 제4절 자료수집 및 방법··································································23
• 제5절 자료 분석방법········································································24
• 제 4 장 연구결과··············································································25
• 제1절 일 지역 간호사의 일반적인 특성········································25
• 제2절 근무조건 융통성···································································28
• 제3절 사회적지지 체계···································································28
• 제4절 자녀양육 실태·······································································30
• 제5절 양육스트레스 ········································································33
• 제 5 장 논의····················································································36
• 제 6 장 결론 및 제언······································································42
• 참고문헌····························································································45
• <부록1> 연구조사 도구···································································52
• ABSTRACT·······················································································60