A New Approach to Quantify the Uniformity Grade of the Electrohydrodynamic Inkjet Printed Features and Optimization of Process Parameters Using Nature-Inspired Algorithms

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Electrohydrodynamic (EHD) inkjet is one of the non-contact jet based promising technology to fabricate high-resolution features of functional materials with higher efficiency. Uniformity of the deposited droplets is one of the key demands of the EHD inkjet system for printing micro-features in microsensors, printed flexible electronics or various MEMS devices. In this study, a new methodology has been proposed to model the uniformity grade of the deposited droplets. In this present work, a significant improvement in the printing quality has been achieved with the help of some modern optimization methods coupled with some traditional statistical methods. Instead of a single fixed solution (may or may not be feasible), the proposed methodology suggests a feasible region with a large set of solutions. It extends the operators’ flexibility to choose from a wide range of input parameters which yield droplet depositions with higher uniformity. The proposed methodology is further evaluated with some experimental runs to fabricate discrete dots and continuous line patterns. This method is considered to be a promising and effective alternative offline approach to increase the uniformity of the droplets.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 Smithers, P., "www.smith erspi ra.com"

2 "https://www.statease.com"

3 "https://www.mathworks.com"

4 "http://www.ni.com"

5 Kuo, Y., "The use of grey relational analysis in solving multiple attribute decision-making problems" 55 : 80-93, 2008

6 De La Mora, J. F., "The current emitted by highly conducting Taylor cones" 260 : 155-184, 1994

7 Choi, H. K, "Scaling laws for jet pulsations associated with high-resolution electrohydrodynamic printing" 92 : 123109-, 2008

8 Myers, H. R., "Response surface methodology: Process and product optimization using designed experiments" Wiley 2009

9 Das, R., "Printed, organic & fl exible electronics forecasts, players & opportunities 2017–2027" IDTechEx

10 Lee, S., "Pole-type ground electrode in nozzle for electrostatic fi eld induced drop-on-demand inkjet head" 141 : 506-514, 2008

11 Kennedy, J., "Particle swarm optimization" IEEE 1942-1948,

12 Marginean, I., "Order-chaos-order transitions in electrosprays : The electrifi ed dripping faucet" 97 : 064502-, 2006

13 Lee, A., "Optimization of experimental parameters to determine the jetting regimes in electrohydrodynamic printing" 29 : 13630-13639, 2013

14 Radhakrishnan Ramanujam, "Optimization of Cutting Parameters for Turning Al-SiC(10p) MMC Using ANOVA and Grey Relational Analysis" 한국정밀공학회 12 (12): 651-656, 2011

15 Yang, X. -S, "Nature-inspired metaheuristic algorithms" Luniver Press 2008

16 Ball, A. K., "Modeling of EHD inkjet printing performance using soft computing-based approaches" Soft Computing

17 Baş, D., "Modeling and optimization II : Comparison of estimation capabilities of response surface methodology with artifi cial neural networks in a biochemical reaction" 78 : 846-854, 2007

18 Onses, M. S, "Mechanisms, capabilities, and applications of high-resolution electrohydrodynamic jet printing" 11 : 4237-4266, 2015

19 Fung, C.-P., "Manufacturing process optimization for wear property of fi ber-reinforced polybutylene terephthalate composites with grey relational analysis" 254 : 298-306, 2003

20 Singh, B. K., "Machinability evaluation and desirability function optimization of turning parameters for Cr 2 O 3 doped zirconia toughened alumina(Cr–ZTA)cutting insert in high speed machining of steel" 42 : 3338-3350, 2016

21 Deng, J. L., "Introduction to grey systems theory" 1 : 1-24, 1989

22 Korvink, J. G., "Inkjet-based micromanufacturing" Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH &Co. KGaA 2012

23 Yin, Z., "Inkjet printing for fl exible electronics : Materials, processes and equipments" 55 : 3383-3407, 2010

24 Ning Liu, "Improving Energy Efficiency in Discrete Parts Manufacturing System using an Ultra-Flexible Job Shop Scheduling Algorithm" 한국정밀공학회 6 (6): 349-365, 2019

25 Mishra, S., "High-speed and drop-on-demand printing with a pulsed electrohydrodynamic jet" 20 : 095026-, 2010

26 Park, J.-U, "High-resolution electrohydrodynamic jet printing" 6 : 782-789, 2007

27 Goldberg, D. E, "Genetic algorithms in search, optimization and machine learning" Pearson Education 2006

28 Nilrudra Mandal, "Force Prediction Model of Zirconia Toughened Alumina (ZTA) Inserts in Hard Turning of AISI 4340 Steel Using Response Surface Methodology" 한국정밀공학회 13 (13): 1589-1599, 2012

29 Yang, X. -S, "Firefl y algorithms for multimodal optimization. Stochastic algorithms: Foundations and applications" Springer 169-178, 2009

30 Eyring, C. F., "Fields currents from points" 31 : 900-909, 1928

31 Ball, A. K., "Experimentation modelling and optimization of electrohydrodynamic inkjet microfabrication approach : a Taguchi regression analysis" 44 : 167-, 2019

32 Pradhan, M. K., "Estimating the eff ect of process parameters on surface integrity of EDMed AISI D2 tool steel by response surface methodology coupled with grey relational analysis" 67 : 2051-2062, 2013

33 Jayasinghe, S. N., "Electrostatic atomization of a ceramic suspension at pico-fl ow rates" 80 : 399-404, 2005

34 Collins, R. T., "Electrohydrodynamic tip streaming and emission of charged drops from liquid cones" 4 : 149-154, 2008

35 Cloupeau, M., "Electrohydrodynamic spraying functioning modes : a critical review" 25 : 1021-1036, 1994

36 Youn, D. -H., "Electrohydrodynamic micropatterning of silver ink using near-fi eld electrohydrodynamic jet printing with tilted-outlet nozzle" 96 : 933-938, 2009

37 Xu, L., "Electrohydrodynamic deposition of polymeric droplets under lowfrequency pulsation" 27 : 6541-6548, 2011

38 An, S., "Eff ect of viscosity, electrical conductivity, and surface tension on direct-current-pulsed drop-on-demand electrohydrodynamic printing frequency" 105 : 214102-, 2014

39 Kim, Y. -J., "Drop-ondemand hybrid printing using a piezoelectric MEMS printhead at various waveforms, high voltages and jetting frequencies" 23 : 065011-, 2013

40 Choi, J., "Drop-on-demand printing of conductive ink by electrostatic fi eld induced inkjet head" 93 : 193508-, 2008

41 양영진, "Drop-on-Demand Electrohydrodynamic Printing of High Resolution Conductive Micro Patterns for MEMS Repairing" 한국정밀공학회 19 (19): 811-819, 2018

42 Ball, A. K., "Design, development and experimental investigation of e-jet based additive manufacturing process" 5 : 7355-7362, 2018

43 Yu, M., "Design optimization of ink in electrohydrodynamic jet printing: Eff ect of viscoelasticity on the formation of Taylor cone jet" 89 : 109-115, 2016

44 김지혜, "Design of 100W Regenerative Vehicle Suspension to Harvest Energy from Road Surfaces" 한국정밀공학회 19 (19): 1089-1096, 2018

45 Montgomery, D. C., "Design and analysis of experiments" Wiley 2012

46 Barton, K., "Control of high-resolution electrohydrodynamic jet printing" 19 : 1266-1273, 2011

47 Jaworek, A., "Classifi cation of the modes of EHD spraying" 30 : 873-893, 1999

48 Mahalingam, S., "Characteristics of electrohydrodynamically prepared titanium dioxide films" 89 : 987-993, 2007

49 Harris, M. T., "Capillary electrohydrostatics of conducting drops hanging from a nozzle in an electric fi eld" 161 : 389-413, 1993

50 Simon, D., "Biogeography-based optimization" 12 : 702-713, 2008

51 Zhang, C, "Application of particle swarm optimization combined with response surface methodology to transverse fl ux permanent magnet motor optimization" 53 : 1-7, 2017

52 Holland, J. H, "Adaptation in natural and artifi cial systems:An introductory analysis with applications to biology, control, and artifi cial intelligence" MIT Press 1992

53 Cotton, J., "A two-phase fl ow pattern map for annular channels under a DC applied voltage and the application to electrohydrodynamic convective boiling analysis" 48 : 5563-5579, 2005

54 Lee, M. W., "A study of ejection modes for pulsed-DC electrohydrodynamic inkjet printing" 46 : 1-6, 2012

55 Jayasinghe, S. N., "A novel ceramic printing technique based on electrostatic atomization of a suspension" 6 : 92-95, 2002

56 Davis, E., "A kriging method for the solution of nonlinear programs with black-box functions" 53 : 2001-2012, 2007