조선초기 의서습독관의 운영과 활동 = Operation and Activities of the Medical Learning Officer Program during the Early Joseon Period

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This article deals with the operation and development of the medical learning officer program. In particular, I tracked the activities of 25 medical learning officers, and in this article, the core ruling elite, the general running class, and the medical learning officer’s positions are reviewed.
The medical learning officer program was a system for training the ruling class as literati physicians and appointing them as medical officers. The program began when Lee Hyo-ji and others were made to read medical textbooks in the third year of King Sejong’s reign (1421), and later, the present civil officers were transferred to the position of medical learning officers.
The medical learning officer program was strengthened throughout the 15th century and included as a regulation in King Seongjong’s legal book, Gyeonggukdaejeon (經國大典). According to this Act, there were 30 medical learning officers who had been appointed alternately to the primary posts for salary payment. They had to learn medical textbooks such as Injejikjibang (仁 齋直指方) and Chandomaekgyeol (纂圖脈訣). The medical learning officer’s mission was to operate the medical system as a whole, including medical textbook research, medical education, compilation of medical textbooks, and treatment of patients.
By the late 15th century, however, the medical learning officer positions were neglected. The idea that the medical post was not a major post for the ruling class was gradually reinforced. The position of the founding forces of Joseon and the kings of Early Joseon who drafted and implemented the medical learning officer program was a well-informed Confucianist theory, and the general ruling class position that regarded the medical post as the post of professional doctors was discriminatory.
The medical learning officer program was already at its peak under the reign of King Seongjong. The program rapidly declined after King Yonsangun, when the ruling class was no longer interested in the medical learning officer program.

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