A comparative study of sustainable development experience of Seoul (South Korea) and Minsk (Belarus)

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The state program for the construction of large residential areas for residents of Minsk in satellite towns was approved by the Government of Belarus in 2010; the main purpose of this program is to reduce the burden on the capital. It is expected that the satellite towns of Minsk will become Smolevichi, Gatovo, Dzerzhinsk, Logoisk, Fanipol, Rudensk, Zaslavl, Stolbtsi. The Minsk’s satellite towns of the first stage are Smolevichi and Rudensk.
Housing factor for the decreasing of burden on Minsk and for the development of satellite towns is considered as the basic factor. At the same time the price of housing units in satellite towns seems to be the same as in the capital. Therefore, the construction of residential houses in satellite towns without taking into consideration the potential of circular migration of the citizens and their intention to move to satellite towns would make a problem of unclaimed houses. In other words, there is no comprehensive approach to the issue of the development of satellite towns, and that is most important there is no clear perspective vision for the creation of additional job places. The other issue is that there are no clear methods for stimulation for migration and creation of attractive conditions for the development of business and services in Belarus. The process of making a decision for the development of satellite towns was not based on the deep social and economic situation analysis. Also there was no any analysis of public opinion, the mechanism of the creation of satellite towns do not include social part that is realized through the civil society and involved in this process population. There was a task to determine the legal status of satellite towns as the administrative-territorial units. However, it cannot ensure the implementation of the aims and functions, which are defined for the satellite towns.
Therefore current problem is to find out a model and effective approaches for the development of satellite towns, which will be able to create the conditions for economic grows of the settlements and for the increasing of their attractiveness for migration.
From the other side there is a rich experience of satellite towns development in the world and the study and analysis of reached experience, existed problems and the ways for their overcome can help to rationalize and optimize the process of satellite settlements creation in more effective ways. South Korea is one of the countries that faced rapid urbanization since the second half of XX century and in order to solve the problems caused by this issue followed the way of the creation and developing of the new towns. The backward analysis of the results and the ways for doing this can give some useful material for the improving of Belarussian approaches in urbanplannig activities.
All of this determined the relevance of the thesis. It based on a study and comparative analysis of some particular aspects of socio-economic development for sustainable development of the capitals of two countries and their metropolitan areas. In particular, much attention is paid to the analysis of basic key factors, such as self-sufficiency (economic sustainability), social mix (social sustainability), and environment friendly management (environment sustainability).

국문 초록 (Abstract)

2010년 벨로루시 정부는 수도 민스크에 인구가 과도하게 집중되는 현상을 완화하기 위해 대규모 주거지를 갖춘 위성 도시 건설을 승인했다. 스몰레비치, 가토보, 제르진스크, 로고이스크, 파니폴, 루덴스크, 자슬라블, 스톨읍치가 민스크의 위성 도시로 조성될 예정이고 스몰레비치와 루덴스크가 첫 번째 위성 도시로 선정됐다.
주택은 민스크의 부담을 줄이고 위성 도시 개발을 위한 기본 요소로 간주된다. 동시에 위성 도시의 주택 가격은 민스크와 유사한 수준으로 형성될 것으로 예상된다. 따라서 시민들의 순환 이주 가능성과 위성 도시로의 이주 의사를 고려하지 않고 주택을 건설할 경우 미분양 문제가 발생할 수 있다. 즉, 위성 도시 개발 문제에 대한 포괄적인 접근법이 부재하고, 특히 일자리 창출에 대한 명확한 비전이 없다는 것이 가장 심각한 문제로 지적된다. 또한 비즈니스와 서비스를 개발할 수 있는 환경을 조성하고 이주를 장려할 수 있는 명확한 방법도 부재하다. 정부는 위성 도시 개발 결정 과정에서 사회경제 상황과 여론을 심도 있게 분석하지 않았고 관련 시민 사회와 인구와 같은 사회적 부분을 고려하지 않았다. 행정구역 단위로서 위성 도시의 법적 지위를 확인해야 하는 과제가 남아 있으나 이를 통해 위성마을의 목적과 기능을 보장하지는 못한다.
따라서 현재 과제는 거주지의 경제 성장과 거주민 증가에 도움이 되는 환경을 조성할 수 있는 위성 마을 개발 모델과 방법을 개발하는 것이다.
다른 한편, 위성 도시 개발과 이들 개발 과정에서 나타난 기존 문제와 이들 문제를 해소한 방법에 대한 전세계의 다양한 연구와 분석 결과를 토대로 가장 효율적인 방식으로 위성 도시 개발 과정을 합리화하고 최적화할 수 있다. 한국은 XX 세기 후반 급속한 도시화를 경험하고 신도시 조성 및 개발 방식에 따라 이 과정에서 발생한 문제를 해결했다. 한국의 도시화 경험과 결과에 대한 역방향 분석은 도시 계획 개선에 도움이 되는 유용한 지침을 제공할 수 있다.
본 논문은 이들 모두를 확인하고 양국의 수도와 대도시의 지속 가능한 개발을 위해 사회경제 발전을 연구하고 비교 분석했다. 특히 자급 자족(경제적 지속가능성), 사회 혼합(사회적 지속가능성), 친환경 관리(환경적 지속가능성)과 같은 핵심 요소 분석에 집중했다.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 1. Introduction 1
• 1.1. Background and research purpose 1
• 1.2. Research scope and methods 5
• 1.2.1. Scope of study 5
• 1.2.2. Data collection methodology 6
• 2. Literature review 10
• 2.1. International experience of creation and functioning of the satellite cities 10
• 2.2. Financial mechanisms of stimulating of satellite towns development 15
• 2.3. The attractiveness of satellite towns for relocation as a major factor of their
• development 18
• 2.3.1. Theoretical Foundations of migration attractiveness of the region 18
• 3. Korea’s case of new towns development, its results and lessons 23
• 3.1. The urbanization of Korea and related challenges. 23
• 3.2. New towns development solution 24
• 3.2.1. Background of new towns development in Korea by purpose and period 25
• 3.2.2. Paradigm shift between new towns of III and IV Phase 29
• 3.2.3. Key metrics of relevant elements of new towns development planning 35
• 4. The comparison and analysis of new towns development in Korea with conceptual vision of satellite towns in Belarus 39
• 4.1. Success factors of new towns development in Korea, the description of the situation in Belarus 39
• 4.2. The criteria for sustainable new towns design 46
• 4.3. The limitations of new towns development in Korea 47
• 5. Recommendations for sustainable satellite towns development in Belarus 49
• 5.1. The differences in urbanization and challenges between Korea and Belarus 49
• 5.2. Points of consideration for Belarus while promoting satellite towns development 50
• Conclusion 52
• References 54
• 초록: 56
• Acknowledgments 58