宋代 米價의 變動과 消費生活

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

I have divided the Song dynasty into several periods to analyze the price of rice. The first of these periods is from the early years of the North-Song dynasty to the Zhen Zong(眞宗) era, which spans about 60 years. During this time the price of rice 1 dou(斗) was between 10 and 30 wen(文). Next, from the Ren Zong(仁宗) era tothe Ying Zong(英宗) era, the price of 1 dou (斗) was between 10 and 30 wen(文) sometimes rising to 60 or 70 wen(文), especially after 1040. From the Shen Zong(神宗) era to the Zhe Zong(哲宗) era, the cost of 1 dou(斗) changed again, increasing from 70 to 100 wen(文). During the Hui Zong(徽宗) era, the price was 200 to 300 wen(文) on average and, at timesreached thousands wen(文), especially during the invasion period of Jin dynasty.
Throughout the early Gao Zong(高宗) era, the price of rice was 300 to 500 wen(文) during a good harvest seasons and, 500 to 1,000 wen(文) when it was a lean year. After the political situation settled down, the price of rice stabilized in the late Xiao Zong(孝宗) era, which lasted about 50 years. After the Guang Zong(光宗) era, the normal price for rice was between 300 and 400 wen(文). Thus, the price of rice was quite consistent, except during certain periods. Overall, when we consider the face value of money and the rate of inflation, the ascension of rice prices in the South-Song dynasty occurred at a lower rate when compared to the North-Song dynasty.
Generally the rate of production per 1 mu(畝) is regarded as 1 to 2 shi (石). In a statistical perspective, 1 family, of 5 people, needed 36 to 38 shi (石) of crops to live. To bring home the bacon' peasantry needed to cultivate 20 to 40 mu(畝) and, successfully gather a harvest more than a normal crop. This means that a tenant farmer had to cultivate twice as mu (畝)ch as a normal crop.
In the early Song Dynasty, people who purchased their meals from a market place would pay nearly 10 guan(貫) on food expenses, During the Sin long era, this price increased to 30 guan(貫) and, even went as high as 70 or 80 guan(貫) in the South Song Dynasty. Finally, in the late South Song era, a market place meal would cost around 140 guan(貫).
Whenever these food expenses increased, people needed to spend a great deal of money, and had no choice but to face poverty, especially during times of war. In addition, farmers did not benefit financially from these increases in food prices; and profit from price fluctuations were only allotted to landowners or rich merchants.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. 序論
• Ⅱ. 北宋初부터 英宗代의 米價
• Ⅲ. 神宗代부터 北宋末期까지의 米價
• Ⅳ. 高宗ㆍ孝宗代의 米價
• Ⅴ. 寧宗부터 南宋末의 米價
• Ⅵ. 米?의 생산량과 消費生活
• Ⅶ. 結論
• 〈Abstract〉