W. B. Yeats as Translator: Form, Function, and Fidelity in The Two Sophoclean Plays (for the late Professor Daniel Albright)

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 논문은 W. B. 예이츠의 두 소포클레스 번역극, 『오이디푸스 왕』과 『콜로누스의 오이디푸스』에 포함된 선택과 방법을 분석한다. 예이츠가 그리스 원전을 얼마나 자유롭고 자의적으로 활용하는가와 얼마나 충실하게 번역하는 가를 설명하게 위해서, 로렌스 베누티, 피터 로빈슨, 그리고 매듀 레이놀즈와 같은 학자들의 당대 번역이론과 독일의 해석학을 활용한다. 애비극장이 고전과 외국 극을 레버토리로 사용한 것도 이 극의 기능을 이해하기 위해서 중요한 문맥으로 다루어진다. 특히, 『오이디푸스 왕』에 대한 예이츠의 작업이 더 적절해 보인다. 그가 보다 자유롭게 번역한 『콜로누스의 오이디푸스』는 그의 친구이며 협력자인 에즈라 파운드의 번역에 영향을 받은 것이 보인다. 이 두 번째 번역을 자세히 검토하면, 보통 러처드 젭의 번역에서 출발하는 예이츠의 번역문구가 얼마나 크게 차이가 나는지를 보여준다. 이 논문의 마지막 부분은 기형과 지하에 관한 은유법을 검토하는데, 이 번역극들에서 무엇을 다루는가와 어떻게 다루는 가(형식) 사이의 미묘한 관계를 보여준다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This essay analyses the strategies and choices underlying William Butler Yeats’s versions of Sophocles’s two classic tragedies, King Oedipus and Oedipus at Colonus. Reference is made to German hermeneutics and the contemporary translation theories of scholars such as Lawrence Venuti, Peter Robinson and Matthew Reynolds, in order to elucidate how Yeats negotiated between fidelity and more free and self-conscious appropriation of the Greek originals. The Abbey theatre’s use of classic, foreign plays as part of its repertoire is also addressed as a significant context for understanding the function of these versions. It is especially relevant for Yeats’s work on King Oedipus — his more independent rendering of Oedipus at Colonus is shown to be affected by the example of his friend and collaborator, Ezra Pound. Detailed inspection of the latter text demonstrates how there are major departures from the wording of Richard Jebb’s translations, which typically provide the point of departure for Yeats’s versions. The final part of the essay looks at how the use of metaphors concerning monstrosity and the underworld demonstrate a subtle link between what Yeats wrote in these versions and how he wrote them (i.e., their form).

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 Grab, Frederic D, "Yeats’s ‘King Oedipus’" 71 (71): 1972

2 Clark, David R, "Yeats at Songs and Choruses" Colin Smythe 1983

3 Longenbach, James, "W. B. Yeats in Context" Cambridge UP 2010

4 Gadamer, Hans Georg, "Truth and Method" Sheed & Ward 1989

5 Yeats, W. B, "The Writing of ‘Sophocles’ King Oedipus’" The American Philosophical Society 1989

6 Clark, David R, "The Writing of ‘Sophocles’ King Oedipus" The American Philosophical Society 1989

7 Venuti, Lawrence, "The Translator’s Invisibility: A History of Translation" Routledge 2008

8 Sophocles, "The Tragedies of Sophocles" Cambridge UP 1904

9 Venuti, Lawrence, "The Routledge Encyclopedia of Translation Studies" Routledge 2011

10 Reynolds, Matthew, "The Poetry of Translation: From Chaucer & Petrarch to Homer & Logue" Oxford UP 2011

11 Yeats, W. B, "The Poems" Scribner 1997

12 Yeats, W. B, "The Plays" Scribner 2001

13 Yeats, W. B, "The Collected Letters of W. B. Yeats" Clarendon Press 1986

14 Albright, Daniel, "The Cambridge Companion to W. B. Yeats" Cambridge University Press 2006

15 Arrington, Lauren, "The Abbey Theatre, Censorship, and the First Irish State: Adding the Half-Pence to the Pence" Oxford UP 2014

16 Welch, Robert, "The Abbey Theatre 1899-1999: Form & Pressure" Oxford UP 1999

17 Curtis, Jared, "Sophocles’ Oedipus at Colonus:Manuscript Materials" Cornell UP 2008

18 Robinson, Peter, "Poetry & Translation: The Art of the Impossible" Liverpool UP 2010

19 Yeats, W. B, "O’Donnell with assistance from Elizabeth Bergmann Loizeaux" Scribner 1994

20 Yeats, W. B., "Later Articles and Reviews: Uncollected Articles, Reviews, and Radio Broadcasts Written after 1900" Scribner 2000

21 Alexander, Michael, "Ezra Pound as Translator" 6 (6): 1997

22 Arkins, Brian, "Builders of My Soul: Greek and Roman Themes in Yeats" Colin Smythe 1990

23 Steiner, George, "After Babel: Aspects of Language and Translation" Oxford UP 1998

24 Yeats, W. B, "A Vision" Papermac 1937