International trade terms : standard terms for contracts for the international sale of goods

목차 (Table of Contents)

• CONTENTS
• ACKNOWLEDGMENIS = xii
• ABBREVIATIONS = xiv
• INTRATERMS AND HOW TO USE THEM = xv
• INTRODUCTION = 1
• Purpose - Scope - Policy - Relation to national and
• international laws - Relation to Incoterms
• CHAPTER = 1
• GENERAL PROVISIONS = 7
• 101 Short Title = 7
• 102 Application Clause = 7
• 103 Aims and Rules of Construction = 8
• 104 Scope and Relation to Municipal and International Law and Usage = 9
• COMMENT = 12
• 1. Consumer contracts - 2. Intraterms and the Vienna
• Convention - 3. Intraterms and national law - 4. Usage
• 105 Interpretation of the Contract = 15
• COMMENT = 16
• 1. English developments - 2. Intent of the parties
• 3. The meaning of words - 4. Construction - 5. Effectiveness
• of contract - 6. The "Parol Rule" - 7. Subsequent conduct -
• 8. Pactum de Contrahendo
• 106 Good Faith and Illegality = 22
• COMMENT = 23
• 1. Good faith and fair dealing - 2. Duty of care -
• 3. Unconscionability
• 107 Communications = 26
• COMMENT = 28
• Modified principle of dispatch
• 108 Specification and cooperation = 28
• COMMENT = 29
• 1. Overruling Article 65 of the Vienna Convention
• 109 Fundamental Breach = 30
• COMMENT = 32
• 1. Repudiation - 2. Notice - 3. "Modern approach" -
• 4. Fundamental breach - 5. The foreseeability test -
• 6. Question of time
• 110 Frustration = 37
• COMMENT = 38
• 1. An objective concept of frustration - 2. Changed circumstances -
• 3. Impossibility - 4. Notice - 5. Not self-induced
• 111 Force Majeure = 42
• COMMENT = 45
• 1. Definition - 2. State immunity - 3. Temporary impediments -
• 4. Allocation of what remains possible
• 112 Consequences of Frustration and Force Majeure = 47
• COMMENT = 48
• 1. End of contract - 2. Adjustment
• 113 Modification or Termination of Contract by Agreement = 49
• COMMENT = 51
• 1. Concurrent Arbitration - 2. Settlement - 3. Estopel
• 114 Waiver = 51
• COMMENT = 52
• 1. No unilateral retraction of waiver - 2. Waiver and variation without consideration
• 115 Justified Withholding of Performance = 53
• COMMENT = 53
• 1. Unfair Contract Terms Act 1977
• CHAPTER 2
• CONTRACT FOR THE SALE OF GOODS = 54
• 201 Definitions = 54
• COMMENT = 55
• Scope - "In the course of business"
• 202 Quantity and Price = 55
• COMMENT = 57
• 1. Specification - 2. Price
• 203 Obligations of the Seller = 60
• COMMENT = 62
• Time of Delivery
• 204 Obligations of the Buyer = 63
• COMMENT = 65
• 1. "Payment on the nail" - 2. Payment and inspection - 3. Paying to bank
• 205 Transfer of Ownership and Reservation of Title = 67
• COMMENT = 71
• 1. Transfer of ownership - 2. Protecting the unpaid seller -
• 3. Part of bulk shipment - 4. Prepaid goods - 5. Retention of title -
• 6. Seller's reservation of right of disposal
• 206 Interest on Overdue Payments = 82
• COMMENT = 82
• UK and civil law countries
• 207 Passage of Risk from the Seller to the Buyer = 84
• COMMENT = 86
• 1. When risks pass to buyer - 2. Risk and abbreviated terms -
• 3. Definition of risk - 4. "Accidental damage or loss" - 5. Claims
• against carrier: Risk and property - 6. Floating goods
• 208 Conformity of Goods to Contract = 93
• COMMENT = 97
• 1. Warranties - Order of priority - 2. Disclaimers -
• 3. Merchantability, fitness for purpose - 4. Conditions, warranties
• and innominate terms - 5. Vienna Convention - 6. Statutory and
• mandatory warranties - 7. Different rules for dealing with private
• individuals - 8. Consumer durables
• 209 Examination, Acceptance and Rejection of Goods = 104
• COMMENT = 106
• 1. Fraud - 2. The German law - 3. Lien of the unpaid party
• 210 Rights of Third Persons = 107
• COMMENT = 109
• 1. Parallel importers - 2. Direct effect of EEC association agreements
• 211 Seller's Remedies = 113
• 212 Buyer's Remedies = 114
• COMMENT = 115
• 1. List of remedies is not exhaustive - 2. Notified delay: without
• protest - 3. France and other civil law countries
• 213 Damages = 117
• COMMENT = 121
• 1. Calculation - 2. Limitation - 3. Czechoslovakia and other civil
• law countries - 4. Contractual penalty - liquidated damages -
• 5. Deduction from price - 6. Avoidance of contract and damages
• 214 Additional Time = 125
• 215 Anticipation of Breach = 126
• COMMENT = 128
• 1. Anticipating insolvency - 2. Seller unable to perform -
• 3. Claims against third parties - 4. Retraction of anticipatory
• repudiation - 5. Adequate assurance - 6. Protecting the parties
• against abuse - 7. Stopping goods in transport - 8. Notification
• 216 Voiding of the Contract = 131
• COMMENT = 132
• 1. Avoidance and rescission - 2. 216 compared with UK US and Convention law
• 217 Substitute Transaction = 134
• COMMENT = 135
• 1. Market price or actually achieved price - 2. How to sell
• 218 Specific Performance = 137
• COMMENT = 137
• English law and the Vienna Convention
• 219 Replacement, Repair, Reduction of Price of Non-Conform Goods = 138
• COMMENT = 139
• 1. Rejecting delivery - 2. Price reduction
• 220 Additional Time and Cure of Defects = 140
• COMMENT = 141
• 1. Vienna Convention - 2. No automatic right to cure
• 221 Product Liability = 141
• COMMENT = 143
• Foreign manufacturer's liability in the US
• CHAPTER 3
• TRANSPORTATION OF SOLD GOODS = 145
• 301 Application = 145
• 302 Division of Risks, Costs and Duties = 145
• COMMENT = 146
• 1. Assignment of obligations - 2. Notification of choice -
• 3. Buyer's cooperation in seller's claims against third parties
• 303 Checking and Packing = 147
• COMMENT = 148
• 1. Rejecting goods for lack of proper packing - 2. Adequate packing
• 304 Time and Place of Delivery = 149
• 305 Routing = 150
• 306 Notification = 150
• 307 Documents = 150
• 308 Cooperation = 151
• 309 Insurance = 152
• 310 Export Authorisation = 152
• 311 Import Authorisation = 153
• 312 Pre-Shipment Inspection of Goods = 153
• 313 Resale of Floating Goods = 154
• CHAPTER 4
• ABBREVIATED CONTRACT TERMS = 155
• 401 Scope of Abbreviated Terms = 155
• COMMENT = 155
• 1. Incoterms - 2. The Intraterms abbreviated terms -3. Goods sold afloat
• 402 Terms Implied in Definitions = 157
• 403 Terms Suitable for Multimodal Transport = 157
• 404 Terminology of Multimodal Transport = 157
• 405 EXW - Ex-Works (or ex-Plantation, Mill, Warehouse etc.) = 158
• 406 FCA - Free Carrier ... (named place) = 159
• 407 FSA - Free Station of Arrival ... (named station of destination) = 160
• COMMENT = 161
• Unnamed carrier
• 408 CPT - Carriage paid to ... (named destination) = 162
• 409 CIP - Carriage and Insurance paid to ... (named place of destination) = 162
• 410 DA-F - Delivered at Frontier ... (named place) = 163
• 411 DDU -Delivered duty unpaid ... (named place of destination) = 164
• 412 DDP - Delivered duty paid ... (named place of destination) = 165
• 413 Terms Suitable for Sea and Inland Waterways = 166
• COMMENT = 167
• 1. Both C-terms and F-terms, except FOB (place of
• destination) are shipment terms - 2. Costs and risk points differ
• in C-terms - 3. Unexpected cost -- 4. Demurrage
• 414 FAS - Free Alongside Ship ... (named port of shipment) = 168
• COMMENT = 169
• Port rates - London practice
• 415 FOB -Free on Board ... (named port of shipment) = 170
• 416 FOB - Free on Board ... (named place of destination) = 172
• 417 CFR - Cost and Freight ... (named port of destination) = 173
• 418 CIF - Cost, Insurance and Freight ... (named port of destination) = 174
• COMMENT = 175
• 1. Suitability - 2. Delivery by handing over the B/L
• 419 DES - Delivered ex-Ship ... (named port of destination) = 176
• 420 DEQ - Delivered ex-Quay (duty paid) ... (named port of destination) = 177
• CHAPTER 5
• RESOLUTION OF DISPUTES = 178
• 501 Negotiations = 178
• 502 Disputes arising while the Performance of the Contract is in Progress = 179
• COMMENT = 180
• 1. Pre-completion disputes - 2. Modification of the contract
• 3. The snapshot - 4. Inspection before completion
• 503 Other disputes = 181
• 504 Conciliation = 182
• COMMENT
• A.D.R.
• 505 Mini-Trial = 182
• 506 Arbitration = 184
• COMMENT = 186
• 1. Wider, continental-style powers of arbitrators - 2. The
• arbitration clause - 3. Judicial review - 4. Jurisdiction -
• 5. Conciliation - 15. Awards to be fair and make business sense -
• 7. Award of interest - S. Dismissal for want of prosecution -
• 9. Scotland - 10. Hong Kong
• INDEX = 193