성서신학 : 포로 이후 “가난” 문제에 대한 느헤미야의 해결책 -느헤미야 5장 1-11절을 중심으로 = The Solution of Nehemiah for “Poverty” Problem in Postexilic Period -Focusing on Nehemiah 5:1-11

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The great gaps between the rich and the poor are elements that can cause seriously the social problems in past, presence and future period. The important and sole way that can solve these problems is to actualize distributive justice. This article deals with the ‘poverty’, and I throw several questions in this paper. Where poverty is coming in the Old Testament? Which policies does the Israelite society have in order to solve the problem of poverty for the membership of the community? How did Nehemiah the governor for the jewish community in postexilic period solve the problem of poverty? The result is as in the following. One becomes poor, if one does not obey laws and teachings of God(Deu 15:4-5), and the rich can be poor in the circumstances(Lev 25:25, 35, 39, 47), also laziness and negligence lead to poverty(Pro 10:4; 19:15). The gap between the rich and the poor was extended in the monarchic period, and Israelite poverty was maximized through the contact with the neighboring powers(Phoenicia, Aram and Assyria). Laws of consideration and protection for the poor were included in the Old Testament, but kings and officials did not almost reflect these policies according to laws. The membership in the Jewish community was relatively rich in the beginning of postexilic period, but as time goes on there was the increasing polarization between the rich and the poor. Therefore Nehemiah executed firmly reform in order to solve the problem of poverty(Neh 5), and he proposed two solutions. One is a policy of Interest Prohibition, and the other is a policy of Mortgage Repayment. These Solutions are based on the Jubilee, but secondary proposal is a changed reformation policy from a law of Jubilee. The reform of Nehemiah was to practise the Torah of Pentateuch, and Nehemiah was a sole man who made a motto with the Torah for the poor and the solution of problem of poverty in the Old Testament. Nehemiah was a Leader who had the practical will of Torah in that sense.

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