덕곡(德谷) 조승숙(趙承肅)의 생애와 후대의 평가: 수양명월(首陽明月) 율리청풍(栗里淸風) = A Review on the Life and the Evaluation of the Following Generations of Dukgok Cho, Seungsuk

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This thesis lookes into the life and thoughtof Dukgok Cho, Seungsuk, one of the 72 Doomoondong scholars during Goryeo Dynasty, who retreated back to his home village, Dukgok where he built Gyosujeong Pavilion to bring up younger disciples and did not come back out into the world, keeping fidelity throughout his lifetime when Gyoreo Dynasty collapsed. He accompanied a congratulating party going to China`s royal palace after he passed the state examination and got appointed to be the position of Jeojakrang, and he so much surprised Chinese people with his excellent writing offered to the king that the Chinese king reportedly offered him a Jageumudae(or purple/gold fish-patterned belt), and after he returned, the king of Chosun Dynasty offered him a aromatic wooden box with its name on it written by the King himself. During his official service, he learned Confucianism from Poeun Jeong, mongjoo and then when Goryeo Dynasty collapsed, he judged that he counldn`t be a subject of Chosun Dynasty due to his motto of ‘no service to two kings,` and came down to his home village, Dukgok, where he built Gyosujeong Pavilion and lived a hermit`s life, bringing up younger disciples. While he had academic intercourse with Yaeun Giljae, who retreated to Geumosan(mountain) from Dukgok, he wrote poems, among which a total of 7 poems are passed on, but some of them were not written by him and even those reportedly written by him face the question whether they were really composed by him. This way, his works expressing his heart are rare but they do express who he was and how he thought. Therefore, those in the following generations highly evaluated him on the basis of his behaviors and works left behind. They compared his fidelity to Goryeo Dynasty to Baekisukje, who retreated to Suyangsan(mountain) when Zhou Dynasty conquered Eun Dynasty and his life as an hermit in his hometown, discarding his office as if it were bits of straw to Tao Yan Ming, who gave up his office without reserve and retreated to his hometown, Eulri. For this reason, Yhu Ho-in, who reportedly wrote his funeral oration by order of King Seongjong extremely exulted him, saying, “Dukgok is like a bright moon over Suyangsan(mountain) and pristine wind in Eulri.” This evaluation of him compressively symbolizes Dukgok`s life and thought, clearly showing the following generations how he lived and who he was.