Thermoelectric (TE) power generation devices paly an important role in the better utilization of solar and geothermal power, as well as in capturing automobile-derived heat via a noist-free and low-maintenance conversion process. However, for TE devic...
Thermoelectric (TE) power generation devices paly an important role in the better utilization of solar and geothermal power, as well as in capturing automobile-derived heat via a noist-free and low-maintenance conversion process. However, for TE devices to become competitive with conventional refrigerators or power generators, a large increase in their efficiency is required. TE performance has been evaluzated by a dimensionless figure of merit (zT), defined as zT = S2σT/κ, where S = -ΔV/ΔT is the seebeck coefficient (ΔV is the voltage difference corresponding to a given temperature diefference ΔT), σ is electrical conductivity, κ is thermal conductivity and T is temperature.
In this dissertation, the synthesis and controllability of the carrier scattering process is investigated for Te-based chalcogenide compound as Sb2Te3, Bi2Te3. We studied the thermoelectric characteristics through surface and interface control using a non-stoichiometric Sb(Bi)/Te multilayered structure formation in a annealing process. We prepared multilayered films composed of {(Sb(3)/Te(9)}n layers by a thermal evaporation method. After the post annealing process the film structure undergoes a self-ordering process, resulting in the formation of single-crystalline Sb2Te3 films. In particular, we found that the hot carrier relaxation process in electronic structure is attributed to two distinct processes: rise time-scale is only existed in single crystal phase and decay time scale is gradually decreased with annealing temperature. The response of the amorphous structure is dominated by an electron-phonon coupling effect, while that of the crystalline structure is controlled by a Dirac surface state effect. To modifying this process for enhanced thermoelectric properies, we performed different degrees of the atomic diffusion effect, two Sb(x) and Te(y) layers were alternatively grown with different thicknesses (x Å and y Å). The results indicated that the {Sb(3)Te(9)}n multilayer was transformed into a well-ordered single crystal Sb2Te3 structure. Moreover, by increasing the thickness ratio of the Te to Sb layers, the multilayer changed to a single crystalline structure containing uniformly repeating Te layers; i.e., an {Sb(4)Te(6)}n multilayered changed to a {Sb2Te2(80)/Te(10)}n self-ordered superlattice structure. Changes in the electrical conduction and atomic vibration mode were an indication of the effects of the reconstructed crystalline structure caused by combined atomic diffusion and crystallization processes in the alternately layered system during annealing. Using this structural effect, the phonon scattering process could be modulated, which consequently affected the thermoelectrical properties through a signicant decrease in thermal conductivity. Finally, a signicantly enhanced figure of merit (1.43) at 400 K was achieved.
Moreover, Bi2Te3-based n-type thermoelectric materials that exhibit very low thermal conductivity correlation study. In this study, Te crystal embedded Bi2Te3 (Te-Bi2Te3) thin film formed by specific annealing temperature in Te-rich Bi/Te multilayered structure. Structure-modulated and composition-modulated contrasts are observed at the boundaries between the two phases. Furthermore, the samples also contain regularly shaped nanometer-scale Bi2Te3 single grains. Therefore, we dramatically obtained the zT to 2.11 ± 0.03 at 375 kelvin (K) in Te-Bi2Te3 thin film. Furthermore, carrier lifetime is confirmed by optical pump THz probe spectroscopy with femtosecond laser, which shows the Te-Bi2Te3 thin film is quantitatively enhance the phonon scattering and effectively maintain the Seebeck coefficient and electrical conductivity from 300 K to 400 K. It is shown that phase boundaries, electron-phonon coupling and nanometer-scale precipitates play an important role in enhancing phonon scattering and, therefore, in reducing the lattice thermal conductivity.