Monasterium semper reformandum, Ecclesia semper reformanda!

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

In every stage of history, the church has been and is struggling with numerous problems regarding reformation. In fact, church is always vulnerable to secularization. Reform movements from monasteries to the Gregorian Reform in the eleventh century aimed at the de-secularization of church. It is a well-known fact that the Medieval Church grappled with the reformation of church. However, the Popes and their church had not been successful in their attempts to reform the church. Instead, their efforts only resulted in the reinforcement of papacy. The deciding moment came with Martin Luther, the initiator of Protestant Reformation. It was not Luther's deliberate intention to reform the church, but it was by him that the reformation and renewal of church was accomplished.
In this article, the efforts of reform movements by monks, monasteries kings and Popes till the 1,300 will be discussed. It was not the doctrine that these pioneers tried to change, but the wrong customs of church. In order to evaluate their eventual failure in church reformation, it will be examined what the Scripture and the early church writers mentioned about 'reform'. Although the early church writers both discussed the reform of man and of church, the emphasis is more on the first than the latter. It was until the Gregorian Reform that mainly the reform of man had been discussed. After that period, the meaning of 'reform' in reformation has gained a fixed meaning as the reform of 'church' only.
As a conclusion, we would like to suggest to pay more attention to the reform of man, i.e. the renewal of man by the Triune God through the Word of God and the sacraments. This refers to the reformation of man in the image of God. It was not the church that Luther waged war against, but against the doctrine. This strife of Luther eventually led to the reformation of church. It is to be noted that first comes the reformation of man, then follows the reformation of church.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

In every stage of history, the church has been and is struggling with numerous problems regarding reformation. In fact, church is always vulnerable to secularization. Reform movements from monasteries to the Gregorian Reform in the eleventh century aimed at the de-secularization of church. It is a well-known fact that the Medieval Church grappled with the reformation of church. However, the Popes and their church had not been successful in their attempts to reform the church. Instead, their efforts only resulted in the reinforcement of papacy. The deciding moment came with Martin Luther, the initiator of Protestant Reformation. It was not Luther's deliberate intention to reform the church, but it was by him that the reformation and renewal of church was accomplished.
In this article, the efforts of reform movements by monks, monasteries kings and Popes till the 1,300 will be discussed. It was not the doctrine that these pioneers tried to change, but the wrong customs of church. In order to evaluate their eventual failure in church reformation, it will be examined what the Scripture and the early church writers mentioned about 'reform'. Although the early church writers both discussed the reform of man and of church, the emphasis is more on the first than the latter. It was until the Gregorian Reform that mainly the reform of man had been discussed. After that period, the meaning of 'reform' in reformation has gained a fixed meaning as the reform of 'church' only.
As a conclusion, we would like to suggest to pay more attention to the reform of man, i.e. the renewal of man by the Triune God through the Word of God and the sacraments. This refers to the reformation of man in the image of God. It was not the church that Luther waged war against, but against the doctrine. This strife of Luther eventually led to the reformation of church. It is to be noted that first comes the reformation of man, then follows the reformation of church.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 1. 개혁의 역사로서의 교회사와 한국교회의 현실
• 2. 초기 수도원 전통과 개혁: 비세상화
• 3. 바실리우스의 통합적 개혁 시도
• 4. 수도원의 자유와 교회의 개혁
• 5. Gregorian Reform
• 6. 사도적 삶
• 7. 사람 개혁과 교회 개혁
• 8. 몇 가지 고찰과 결론
• Abstract
• 참고문헌

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 K.S. Frank, "수도원은 항상 개혁되어야 한다! in: 기독교수도원의 역사" 은성 1997

2 베네딕도, "수도규칙" 분도출판사 1991

3 샤츠, "보편공의회사" 분도출판사 2005

4 Y. Congar, "Vrai et fausse R’eforme dans l’Eglise" 1950

5 R.H. Bainton, "The Reformation of the Sixteenth Century" 1952

6 G.B. Ladner, "The Idea of Reform: Its Impact on Christian Thought and Action in the Age of the Fathers" Harvard Uni. Press 1959

7 H.E.J. Cowdrey, "The Cluniacs and the Gregorian Reform" Clarendon 1970

8 P.J. Fedwick, "The Church and the Charisma of Leadership in Basil of Caesarea" Wipf and Stock Publishers 1979

9 J. Leclercq, "The Bible and the Gregorian Reform" 2 (2): 1966

10 G. Constable, "Renewal and Reform in Religious Life in: Renaissance and Renewal in the twelfth Century" Univ. of Toronto Press 1991

11 R.E. McNally, "Reform of the Church" Herder and Herder 1963

12 Colin Morris, "Medieval Christendom in: The Christian World" Abrams 1981

13 Jean-Francois Leroux-Dhuys, "Les abbayes cisterciennes, en France et en Europe" Mengès 1998

14 W.-D. Hauschild, "Lehrbuch der Kirchen- und Dogmengeschichte I" Chr. Kaiser 2000

15 H. Jedin, "Kleine Konziliengeschichte in: 세계공의회사" 분도출판사 2005

16 Binns, "Introduction to the Christian Orthodox Churches" Cambridge Uni. Press 2002

17 H. Lietzmann, "History of the Early church 4 in: 기독교회사" 크리스챤다이제스트 1996

18 M. Hengel, "Eigentum und Reichtum in der frühen Kirche" Calwer 1973

19 J.N.D. Kelly, "Early Christian Creeds" Longman 1972

20 J. Lortze, "Die Reformation in Deutschland I" 1949

21 Walter von Loewenich, "Die Geschichte der Kirche 1" Luther- Verlag 1948

22 P.G. Maxwell-Stuart, "Chronicle of the Popes in: 교황의 역사" 갑인공방 2005

23 Senn, "Christian Liturgy" Fortress 1997