We examine whether there is a relationship between conditional conservatism and credit ratings. Credit rating levels are the ‘opinion‘ of credit rating agencies about a firm’s default risk based on financial statements data and corporate governa...
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https://www.riss.kr/link?id=A103801302
임형주 (극동대학교) ; MALIDAFYDD SIRUS (경성대학교)
2015
English
KCI등재
학술저널
127-147(21쪽)
0
0
상세조회0
다운로드다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)
We examine whether there is a relationship between conditional conservatism and credit ratings. Credit rating levels are the ‘opinion‘ of credit rating agencies about a firm’s default risk based on financial statements data and corporate governa...
We examine whether there is a relationship between conditional conservatism and credit ratings. Credit rating levels are the ‘opinion‘ of credit rating agencies about a firm’s default risk based on financial statements data and corporate governance information. In South Korea, credit rating levels are issued by National Information & Credit Evaluation (NICE), Korea Investor Services (KIS), Korea Ratings (KR) and Seoul Credit Rating & Information (SCI), and are used by bond investors, debt issuers, and governmental officials for decision making and legislative purposes. Accounting practices such as conditional conservatism have the potential to signal low default risk and financial stability. Accounting conservatism reflects a manager’s tendency to recognize “bad news” in a timelier manner than “good news” (Basu, 1997). The academic community continues to debate the merits of conservatism. However, the majority of studies suggest that conditional conservatism is an accounting practice with the potential to increase accounting quality (Watts, 2003; Roychowdhury and Watts, 2007; Ball and Kothari, 2008). In the U. S., numerous studies find an association between level of conservatism and credit ratings (Ahmed et al., 2002; Moerman (2006); Nikolaev (2007); Bauwhede (2007): Zhang, 2008; Peek 2010). Therefore, in the U.S., there is evidence to suggest that credit ratings agencies care about conditional conservatism as an accounting practice with the potential to influence default risk.
In South Korea, there is evidence of a positive relation between accounting conservatism levels and credit ratings (Park et al., 2011). However, the association between credit rating changes and financial conservatism is a question left unanswered. Our motivation is to address this caveat. To our knowledge, our study is the first to analyze the association between conditional conservatism and credit ratings and credit rating changes using the two most popular conditional conservatism measures. We contribute to the literature by providing an evidence that conditional conservatism may influence a credit rating agency’s perception of default risk.
We examine if conditional conservatism is associated with credit ratings based on the following; conditional conservatism is an accounting practice associated with reducing a manager‘s ability to 'inflate' net income; hence, constraining dividend has the potential to reduce a credit rating agency’s perception of risk. Credit rating agencies issue higher credit ratings to firms with lower default risk. Thus, because firms care deeply about maintaining or increasing their credit ratings, conservative reporting should have a positive a relation with credit rating levels / credit ratings changes. We perform numerous tests to establish the relation between conditional conservatism and credit ratings / credit rating changes. We investigate the relationship between a firm's credit ratings / credit ratings changes and conditional conservatism using a KRX firm sample of 1,310 firm-years from 2002 to 2013. First, we establish the levels of conditional conservatism using the accruals based Ball and Shivakumar (2005) and the market based Basu (1997) models. The results suggest that firms borrow equity in the form of public debt are conservative, consistent with previous studies. Next, we use a dummy variable approach to examine the relationship between conservatism and credit ratings for investment / non-investment grade firms. We find that investment and non-investment grade firms have statistically insignificantly different levels of financial conservatism.
Thirdly, we test if conditional conservatism has a statistically significant relation with credit rating changes. We find that firms that experience an increase or a decrease in their credit rating levels from period t to t+1 are marginally more conservative compared to firms with consistent credit rating levels. Next, we test the rel...
참고문헌 (Reference)
1 박종일, "이익유연화, 보수적 회계처리 및 재량적 발생액이 신용등급에 미치는 영향" 한국경영학회 40 (40): 1015-1053, 2011
2 박성화, "워크아웃기업의 발생액의 질과 보수주의" 한국기업경영학회 22 (22): 175-193, 2015
3 이장희, "신용평가등급이 실제이익조정에 미치는 영향" 한국기업경영학회 19 (19): 217-235, 2012
4 이석근, "감사인 지정 및 지정감사인 규모 등의 보수주의 관련성" 한국기업경영학회 20 (20): 205-223, 2013
5 Moerman, R, "The Role of Information Asymmetry and Financial Reporting Quality in Debt Trading: Evidence from the Secondary Loan Market" University of Pennsylvania 2006
6 Ahmed, A. S., "The Role of Accounting Conservatism in Mitigating Bondholder–Shareholder Conflicts over Dividend Policy and Reducing Debt Costs" 77 (77): 867-890, 2002
7 Francis, J. R., "The Joint Effect of Investor Protection and Big 4Audits on Earnings Quality Around the World" 25 (25): 157-191, 2008
8 Bauwhede, V. H., "The Impact of Conservatism on the Cost of Debt: Conditional versus Unconditional Conservatism" Katholike Universiteit Leuven 2007
9 Zhang, J., "The Contracting Benefits of Accounting Conservatism to Lenders and Borrowers" 45 (45): 27-54, 2008
10 Basu, S., "The Conservatism Principle and the Asymmetric Timeliness of Earnings" 24 (24): 3-37, 1997
1 박종일, "이익유연화, 보수적 회계처리 및 재량적 발생액이 신용등급에 미치는 영향" 한국경영학회 40 (40): 1015-1053, 2011
2 박성화, "워크아웃기업의 발생액의 질과 보수주의" 한국기업경영학회 22 (22): 175-193, 2015
3 이장희, "신용평가등급이 실제이익조정에 미치는 영향" 한국기업경영학회 19 (19): 217-235, 2012
4 이석근, "감사인 지정 및 지정감사인 규모 등의 보수주의 관련성" 한국기업경영학회 20 (20): 205-223, 2013
5 Moerman, R, "The Role of Information Asymmetry and Financial Reporting Quality in Debt Trading: Evidence from the Secondary Loan Market" University of Pennsylvania 2006
6 Ahmed, A. S., "The Role of Accounting Conservatism in Mitigating Bondholder–Shareholder Conflicts over Dividend Policy and Reducing Debt Costs" 77 (77): 867-890, 2002
7 Francis, J. R., "The Joint Effect of Investor Protection and Big 4Audits on Earnings Quality Around the World" 25 (25): 157-191, 2008
8 Bauwhede, V. H., "The Impact of Conservatism on the Cost of Debt: Conditional versus Unconditional Conservatism" Katholike Universiteit Leuven 2007
9 Zhang, J., "The Contracting Benefits of Accounting Conservatism to Lenders and Borrowers" 45 (45): 27-54, 2008
10 Basu, S., "The Conservatism Principle and the Asymmetric Timeliness of Earnings" 24 (24): 3-37, 1997
11 Standard and Poor’s, "Standard and Poor’s Ratings definitions"
12 Moody’s Investor service, "Moody’s Rating Symbols and Definitions"
13 Givoly, D., "Measuring Reporting Conservatism" 82 (82): 65-106, 2007
14 Lys, T., "Lawsuits against Auditors" 32 (32): 65-93, 1994
15 Alissa, W., "Firms’ Use Of Accounting Discretion to Influence the Credit Rating" 55 (55): 129-147, 2013
16 Ball, R., "Econometrics of the Basu Asymmetric Timeliness Coefficient and Accounting Conservatism" University of Chicago and MIT 2008
17 Ball, R., "Earnings Quality in U. K. Private Firms : Comparative Loss Recognition Timeliness" 39 : 83-128, 2005
18 Basu, S., "Differences in Conservatism between Big Eight and Non-big Eight Auditors" Emory University 2001
19 Nikolaev, V., "Debt Covenants and Accounting Conservatism" University of Chicago 2007
20 Peek, E., "Creditors’ and Shareholders’ Reporting Demands in Public versus Private Firms:Evidence from Europe" 27 (27): 49-91, 2010
21 Boot, A. W. A., "Credit Ratings as Coordination Mechanisms" 19 (19): 81-118, 2006
22 Kisgen, D., "Credit Ratings and Capital Structure" 61 (61): 1035-1072, 2006
23 Kim, B. H, "Credit Rating, Accounting Accruals and Conservatism" 38 (38): 371-391, 2009
24 Watts R., "Conservatism in accounting part I: Explanations and Implications" 17 : 207-221, 2003
25 Beatty, A., "Conservatism and Debt" 45 (45): 154-174, 2008
26 Chung, R., "Auditor Conservatism and Reported Earnings" 33 (33): 19-32, 2003
27 Roychowdhury, S., "Asymmetric Timeliness of Earnings, Market-to-Book and Conservatism in Financial Reporting" 44 : 2-31, 2007
28 Detrich, R., "Asymmetric Timeliness Tests of Accounting Conservatism" 12 (12): 95-124, 2007
29 Penman, S., "Accounting Conservatism, the Quality of Earnings and Stock Returns" 77 : 237-264, 2002
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공급사슬 지향성, 민첩성 및 성과 간의 관계: 수도권 소재 중소 제조 기업을 대상으로
학술지 이력
연월일 | 이력구분 | 이력상세 | 등재구분 |
---|---|---|---|
2026 | 평가예정 | 재인증평가 신청대상 (재인증) | |
2020-01-01 | 평가 | 등재학술지 유지 (재인증) | |
2017-01-01 | 평가 | 등재학술지 유지 (계속평가) | |
2013-01-01 | 평가 | 등재학술지 유지 (등재유지) | |
2010-01-01 | 평가 | 등재학술지 선정 (등재후보2차) | |
2009-03-13 | 학회명변경 | 영문명 : 미등록 -> Korean Corporation Management Association | |
2009-01-01 | 평가 | 등재후보 1차 PASS (등재후보1차) | |
2007-01-01 | 평가 | 등재후보학술지 선정 (신규평가) |
학술지 인용정보
기준연도 | WOS-KCI 통합IF(2년) | KCIF(2년) | KCIF(3년) |
---|---|---|---|
2016 | 1.56 | 1.56 | 1.63 |
KCIF(4년) | KCIF(5년) | 중심성지수(3년) | 즉시성지수 |
1.75 | 1.7 | 2.494 | 0.42 |