상담자의 동성애에 대한 부정적 태도와 동성애자 상담 유능감에 따른 임상적 판단 및 반응 = Counselor’s Reaction and Clinical Judgment According to Counselor’s Negative Attitude and Competence in Lesbian and Gay Counseling

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The purpose of this study was to examine whether counselor homophobia and lesbian and gay counseling competence influenced clinical judgment and counselors’ reaction towards clients. Making use of a quasi-experimental design, 110 counselors were randomly assigned to homosexual and heterosexual conditions and their reaction to a fictitious intake report of a male client was observed. The analysis demonstrated that counselors’ clinical judgment and reaction towards gay clients significantly differed according to counselor homophobia. Counselors who exhibited higher levels of homophobia rated gay client’s overall level of functioning to be lower than the ratings of counselors who displayed low homophobia. Also, counselors with high levels of homophobia judged the gay client to possess more sexual problems, and reacted more negatively overall, towards the gay client. Additionally, regardless of their level of homophobia, counselors reported more sexual identity problems with the gay client than the heterosexual client. Counselors’ level of competence in lesbian and gay counseling did not appear to have a primary effect.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 연구는 상담자가 동성애에 대해 갖고 있는 태도와 동성애자 상담 유능감에 따라 동성애자 내담자에 대한 임상적 평가와 판단이 어떻게 달라지는지 살펴보았다. 이를 위해 110명의 상담자에게 가상의 동성애자 및 이성애자 내담자의 상담회기 요약서를 제시하여 상담자가 내담자의 호소문제와 기능수준(GAF)을 평가하는 방식, 그리고 내담자에게 보이는 긍정적인 반응수준을 측정하고 상담자의 동성애 혐오와 상담 유능감의 수준에 따라 집단을 구분하여 다변량공분산분석을 실시하였다. 분석 결과 첫째, 내담자에 대한 임상적인 판단 및 반응에 대해서 상담자의 부정적 태도와 내담자 성적지향의 상호작용 효과가 유의하였다. 동성애에 대한 부정적인 태도가 낮은 집단보다 높은 집단에서 동성애자 내담자의 기능 수준을 낮게 평가하고, 내담자가 성적인 문제를 많이 갖고 있다고 판단하였으며 내담자에게 덜 긍정적으로 반응하였다. 둘째, 상담자의 동성애자 상담에 대한 유능감과 내담자의 성적 지향을 독립변인으로 다변량공분산분석을 시행한 결과 성적 지향의 주효과만이 유의한 것으로 나타났다. 상담자들은 동성애자 내담자가 이성애자 내담자보다 성적인 문제와 성 정체성과 관련된 문제를 더욱 많이 호소한다고 판단하였다. 연구결과를 바탕으로 본 연구의 제한점 및 의의에 대하여 논의하였다.

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