미자립교회 목회자 아내의 분노 경험 연구(현상학적 관점으로)

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 연구의 목적은 분노를 경험하는 미자립교회(未自立敎會) 목
회자 아내들을 대상으로 심리적 현상과 이들이 겪고 있는 주관적인 의미를 나타내는 데 있다. 이를 위해 본 연구에서는 반구조화된 질문지를 통하여 심층 면접을 하였고, 참여자들에게서 탐색된 자료들을 Colaizzi의 현상학적 연구 방법을 통하여 질적 분석을 하였다. 연구의 참여자들은 미자립교회에 소속되어 있는 10명의 목회자 아내로서 ‘주향사모합창단’에 소속되어 있는 사모들과 그밖에 미자립교회의 목회자 아내들로 이루어졌다. 본 연구에서의 분석 결과는 40개의 주제와 16개의 주제군 그리고 4개의 범주로 나누어서 나타내었다. 분석된 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 미자립교회 목회자 아내의 분노 경험의 요인은 자신들의 역할에 대한 혼란으로 인한 분노, 남편에 대한 분노, 교인들에 대한 분노, 경제적으로 어려움을 겪어야 되는 현실에 대한 분노와 이로인하여 원망하게 되는 하나님에 대한 분노로 나타났다. 둘째, 참여자들의 분노 경험으로 나타나는 현상은 분노를 억압하거나 회피하고 있었고, 이러한 감정들이 쌓여서 가족들에게 투사하는 결과를 가져오게 됨을 발견하게 되었다. 또한 분노의 감정에 대해서는 왜곡된 생각들을 갖고 있었다. 이들은 분노를 경험하게 되는 것도 자신들이 영적으로 성숙되지 않아서 그렇다는 비합리적 신념들을 가지고 있었다. 셋째, 참여자들은 분노를 제대로 표현하지 못하여서 몸으로 아픈 신체화 증상을 경험하고 있었다. 그리고 이들은 이러한 현상으로우울, 불안, 자책감, 죄책감등의 감정적인 어려움을 경험하고 있었다. 또한 대상과의 어려움 즉 가족, 교인, 하나님과의 관계적 어려움을 호소하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 이들은 이러한 분노 경험을 통하여 대처 방식으로 분노에 대한 회복을 절실히 요구하고 있었다. 참여자들은 남편의 공감과 위로를 통해서 회복되는 것을 경험하고 있었고, 또한 동료 사모님들의 지지 그룹을 통해서 위로와 힘을 얻고 있었다. 그리고 자신들의 통찰과 개발을 위하여 상담 전문가의 도움을 받거나 세미나를 통하여 교육적으로 대처를 하고 있었고, 필요성을 느끼고 있었다. 또한 이들은 말씀과 기도로 자신을 통찰하여 영적자원으로 회복하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구에서는 참여자들의 분노 경험을 회복시키기 위해 목회상담학적 연구를 적용하였다. 시워드 힐트너의 목양적 관점의 세 가지 기능인 치료, 지탱, 인도를 참여자들에게 적용하여 이들에게 나타난 결과를 통하여 무엇을 치료해야 하며, 이들을 위로하고 격려해줄 지지그룹 즉 지탱해줄 힘은 무엇인지 도와주는 것이다. 또한 이들에게 자기를 인식하고 자기개발을 통하여 의미 있는 시간들을 어떻게 인도해 줄 수 있는지 목회자가 목회적 돌봄을 통하여 이들을 보살피는 것이다. 그리고 전문적인 상담을 통하여 이들이 정신적, 육체적으로 건강하게 목회현장에서 사역을 잘 감당할 수 있도록 치료의 회복을 줄 수 있는 것이다.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 국문초록 ··························································································· 1
• I. 서론 ····························································································· 3
• 1. 연구의 필요성 및 목적 ························································ 3
• 2. 연구 문제 ················································································ 5
• 3. 선행 연구 ················································································ 6
• II. 이론적 배경 ··········································································· 12
• 1. 한국교회의 목회적 환경 ···················································· 12
• 1) 한국교회의 목회적 환경 ··············································· 12
• 2) 미자립 교회의 목회적 환경 ········································· 14
• 2. 목회자 아내의 특성 이해 ·················································· 17
• 1) 목회자 아내의 대한 이해 ············································· 17
• 2) 목회자 아내의 역할 ······················································· 19
• 3. 분노의 이해 ·········································································· 21
• 1) 분노의 심리학적 이해 ··················································· 21
• 2) 분노의 기독교적 이해 ··················································· 25
• 4. 분노의 대처 방식 ································································ 29
• III. 연구 방법 ·············································································· 32
• 1. 연구의 개념 및 설계 ·························································· 32
• 1) 현상학적 연구방법 및 설계 ········································· 32
• 2) 목회상담학적 연구방법 ················································· 33
• 2. 연구 진행 과정 ···································································· 37
• 1) 연구 참여자 선정 ··························································· 38
• 2) 연구 참여자 배경 ··························································· 38
• 3. 자료 수집 방법 및 과정 ···················································· 42
• 1) 자료 수집 방법 ······························································· 42
• 2) 자료 수집 과정 ······························································· 42
• 3) 연구 참여자에 대한 윤리적 보호 ······························· 43
• 4. 자료 분석 방법 ···································································· 44
• 5. 연구의 신뢰와 타당도 확인 ·············································· 45
• IV. 연구 결과 ·············································································· 47
• 1. 분노 경험의 요인 ································································ 49
• 2. 분노 표현의 현상 ································································ 67
• 3. 분노 경험이 끼치는 영향 ·················································· 72
• 4. 분노 경험 후의 대처 방식 ················································ 79
• V. 목회상담학적 논의 ······························································ 88
• 1. 치료 ························································································ 88
• 1) 몸의 치료 ········································································· 88
• 2) 마음의 치료 ····································································· 89
• 3) 관계의 치료 ····································································· 90
• 4) 영적 치료 ········································································· 91
• 2. 지탱 ························································································ 91
• 1) 지지 그룹 ········································································· 92
• 2) 교육 프로그램 ································································· 92
• 3. 인도 ························································································ 93
• 1) 자기 인식 ········································································· 93
• 2) 자기 자원 개발 ······························································· 93
• 3) 전문적 상담 ····································································· 94
• VI. 결론 및 제언 ······································································· 95
• 1. 요약 및 결론 ········································································ 95
• 2. 연구의 의의 ·········································································· 99
• 3. 연구의 한계 및 제언 ·························································· 99
• 참고문헌 ······················································································· 102
• 부 록 ······················································································· 109