1 오일환, "현대북한체제론" 을유문화사 2000
2 "한국일보"
3 "한겨레"
4 통일부, "통계자료"
5 "중앙일보"
6 "조선일보"
7 김대군, "인도적 차원의 대북 식량 원조에 대한 고찰" 사단법인 한국평화연구학회 9 (9): 243-258, 2008
8 "연합뉴스"
9 문순보, "북핵문제와 국제사회의 대북제재: 한계와 대안" 세종연구소 16 (16): 95-120, 2010
10 민병천, "북한학입문" 들녘 2001
11 통계청, "북한통계"
12 이상우, "북한정치변천: 신정(神政)체제의진화과정" 오름 2014
13 이항동, "북한의정치와발전전략" 대영문화사 1994
14 김현기, "북한의군사전략과군사력" 11 : 176-193, 2010
15 김근식, "북한의 핵협상: 주장, 행동, 패턴" 극동문제연구소 27 (27): 143-181, 2011
16 이명수, "북한의 핵카드 정책과 북미관계의 변화: 클린턴, 부시, 오바마의 대북정책의 연계와 단절을 중심으로" 한국동북아학회 14 (14): 5-26, 2009
17 김근식, "북한의 핵 프로그램: 논리와 의도 및 선군시대" 평화문제연구소 44 (44): 197-218, 2005
18 홍성후, "북한의 2차 핵실험과 핵개발 의도" 한국동북아학회 15 (15): 143-163, 2010
19 이해정, "북한식량수급현황과과제" 현대경제연구원 2014
20 배성인, "북한 식량난으로 인한 대내외적 변화와 새로운 모색" 40 (40): 257-282, 2000
21 박동형, "북한 급변사태 가능성 연구" 한국전략문제연구소 16 (16): 37-62, 2009
22 양문수, "미국의 대북 경제제재 해제과정과 해제의 경제적 효과" 북한연구학회 12 (12): 211-239, 2008
23 김영훈, "미국과국제사회의대북식량지원" 12 (12): 3-19, 2010
24 "문화일보"
25 문경연, "대북지원딜레마와극복방안모색" 6 (6): 5-37, 2013
26 김상기, "대북경제제재의유효성분석: 실태와효과" 한국개발연구원 2007
27 "농촌진흥청"
28 "경향신문"
29 Ang, Adrian U-Jin, "When Do Economic Sanctions Work? Asymmetric Perceptions, Issue Salience, and Outcomes" 60 (60): 135-145, 2007
30 홍순직, "UN 안보리의대북제재영향과대응방향" (여름) : 36-45, 2009
31 이재호, "UN 대북경제제재의효과분석: 결의안1874호를중심으로" 한국개발연구원 2011
32 Noland, Marcus, "They’re Not Brainwashed, They’re Just Miserable: What North Koreans Really Want"
33 Drezner, Daniel W., "The Sanctions Paradox: Economic Statecraft and International Relations" Cambridge University Press 1999
34 Allen, Susan Hannah, "The Determinants of Economic Sanctions Success and Failure" 31 (31): 117-138, 2005
35 Brooks, Risa A., "Sanctions and Regime Type: What Works, and When?" 11 (11): 1-50, 2002
36 Drury, A. Cooper, "Revisiting Economic Sanctions Reconsidered" 35 (35): 497-509, 1998
37 UNSC, "Resolution 2270: Adopted by the Security Council at its 7638th Meeting, March 2, Document S/RES/2270"
38 UNSC, "Resolution 2094: Adopted by the Security Council at its 6932nd Meeting, March 7, Document S/RES/2094"
39 UNSC, "Resolution 1874: Adopted by the Security Council at its 6141st Meeting, June 12, Document S/RES/1874"
40 UNSC, "Resolution 1718: Adopted by the Security Council at its 5551st Meeting, October 14, Document S/RES/1718"
41 WFP, "Quantity Reporting"
42 Bush, George W., "President Bush Discusses Iraq"
43 Nikitin, Mary Beth, "North Korea’s Second Nuclear Test: Implications of U.N. Security Council Resolution 1874" CRS 2010
44 한국농촌경제연구원, "KREI 북한농업동향" 한국농촌경제연구원 2009
45 Carter, Barry E., "International Economic Sanctions: Improving the Haphazard U.S. Legal Regime" Cambridge University Press 1988
46 McLean, Elena V., "Friends or Foes? Major Trading Partners and the Success of Economic Sanctions" 54 (54): 427-447, 2010
47 Manyin, Mark E., "Foreign Assistance to North Korea" Congressional Research Service 2011
48 FAO, "FAO/WFP Crop and Food Security Assessment Mission to the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, Special Report"
49 Rennack, Dianne E., "Economic Sanctions to Achieve U.S. Foreign Policy Goals: Discussion and Guide to Current Law" CRS 1998
50 Hufbauer, Gary Clyde, "Economic Sanctions Reconsidered" Peterson Institute for International Economics 2007
51 Bergeijk, Peter Van, "Economic Diplomacy, Trade and Commercial Policy:Positive and Negative Sanctions in a New World Order" Edward Elgar 1994
52 Bonetti, Shane, "Distinguishing Characteristics of Degrees of Success and Failure in Economic Sanctions Episodes" 30 (30): 805-813, 1998
53 Drezner, Daniel W., "Bargaining, Enforcement, and Multilateral Sanctions: When Is Cooperation Counterproductive?" 54 (54): 73-102, 2000
54 Tostensen, Arne, "Are Smart Sanctions Feasible?" 54 (54): 373-403, 2002
55 Lektzian, David, "An Institutional Theory of Sanctions Onset and Success" 51 (51): 848-871, 2007
56 외교부 북핵외교기획단, "4차 6자회담 공동성명 (2005.9.19, 베이징)"
57 Korea Trade-Investment Promotion Agency, "2015년 북한 대외무역동향" KOTRA 2016