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      대북 경제제재의 실효성 분석: 식량지원 중단을 중심으로 = Analyzing the Effectiveness of Economic Sanctions against North Korea: Focus on Withholding of Food Aid

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      https://www.riss.kr/link?id=A103610157

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      다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

      A decade has passed since North Korea's nuclear weapon program occurred which was because of its nuclear experiment in 2006. The international community has placed economic sanctions against North Korea which committed nuclear experiments for five times, through United Nations Security Council resolutions and individual countries have cut the economic support and trade. Especially, as food aid is withheld by the international community, it is assumed that North Korea is suffering from the food crisis.
      This article aims to look at the effects of food aid suspension as a tool of the economic sanctions in two stages; a stage where the international community imposed economic losses to North Korea and the other where North Korea changes its political strategy. Also, this paper finds reasons why North Korea does not yield possession of the nuclear weapons by analyzing the political pressure of North Korean civilians on its government, and the estimated cost-benefit between the countries who imposed sanctions against North Korea and North Korean leaders who are directly related to those countries.
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      A decade has passed since North Korea's nuclear weapon program occurred which was because of its nuclear experiment in 2006. The international community has placed economic sanctions against North Korea which committed nuclear experiments for five tim...

      A decade has passed since North Korea's nuclear weapon program occurred which was because of its nuclear experiment in 2006. The international community has placed economic sanctions against North Korea which committed nuclear experiments for five times, through United Nations Security Council resolutions and individual countries have cut the economic support and trade. Especially, as food aid is withheld by the international community, it is assumed that North Korea is suffering from the food crisis.
      This article aims to look at the effects of food aid suspension as a tool of the economic sanctions in two stages; a stage where the international community imposed economic losses to North Korea and the other where North Korea changes its political strategy. Also, this paper finds reasons why North Korea does not yield possession of the nuclear weapons by analyzing the political pressure of North Korean civilians on its government, and the estimated cost-benefit between the countries who imposed sanctions against North Korea and North Korean leaders who are directly related to those countries.

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      참고문헌 (Reference)

      1 오일환, "현대북한체제론" 을유문화사 2000

      2 "한국일보"

      3 "한겨레"

      4 통일부, "통계자료"

      5 "중앙일보"

      6 "조선일보"

      7 김대군, "인도적 차원의 대북 식량 원조에 대한 고찰" 사단법인 한국평화연구학회 9 (9): 243-258, 2008

      8 "연합뉴스"

      9 문순보, "북핵문제와 국제사회의 대북제재: 한계와 대안" 세종연구소 16 (16): 95-120, 2010

      10 민병천, "북한학입문" 들녘 2001

      1 오일환, "현대북한체제론" 을유문화사 2000

      2 "한국일보"

      3 "한겨레"

      4 통일부, "통계자료"

      5 "중앙일보"

      6 "조선일보"

      7 김대군, "인도적 차원의 대북 식량 원조에 대한 고찰" 사단법인 한국평화연구학회 9 (9): 243-258, 2008

      8 "연합뉴스"

      9 문순보, "북핵문제와 국제사회의 대북제재: 한계와 대안" 세종연구소 16 (16): 95-120, 2010

      10 민병천, "북한학입문" 들녘 2001

      11 통계청, "북한통계"

      12 이상우, "북한정치변천: 신정(神政)체제의진화과정" 오름 2014

      13 이항동, "북한의정치와발전전략" 대영문화사 1994

      14 김현기, "북한의군사전략과군사력" 11 : 176-193, 2010

      15 김근식, "북한의 핵협상: 주장, 행동, 패턴" 극동문제연구소 27 (27): 143-181, 2011

      16 이명수, "북한의 핵카드 정책과 북미관계의 변화: 클린턴, 부시, 오바마의 대북정책의 연계와 단절을 중심으로" 한국동북아학회 14 (14): 5-26, 2009

      17 김근식, "북한의 핵 프로그램: 논리와 의도 및 선군시대" 평화문제연구소 44 (44): 197-218, 2005

      18 홍성후, "북한의 2차 핵실험과 핵개발 의도" 한국동북아학회 15 (15): 143-163, 2010

      19 이해정, "북한식량수급현황과과제" 현대경제연구원 2014

      20 배성인, "북한 식량난으로 인한 대내외적 변화와 새로운 모색" 40 (40): 257-282, 2000

      21 박동형, "북한 급변사태 가능성 연구" 한국전략문제연구소 16 (16): 37-62, 2009

      22 양문수, "미국의 대북 경제제재 해제과정과 해제의 경제적 효과" 북한연구학회 12 (12): 211-239, 2008

      23 김영훈, "미국과국제사회의대북식량지원" 12 (12): 3-19, 2010

      24 "문화일보"

      25 문경연, "대북지원딜레마와극복방안모색" 6 (6): 5-37, 2013

      26 김상기, "대북경제제재의유효성분석: 실태와효과" 한국개발연구원 2007

      27 "농촌진흥청"

      28 "경향신문"

      29 Ang, Adrian U-Jin, "When Do Economic Sanctions Work? Asymmetric Perceptions, Issue Salience, and Outcomes" 60 (60): 135-145, 2007

      30 홍순직, "UN 안보리의대북제재영향과대응방향" (여름) : 36-45, 2009

      31 이재호, "UN 대북경제제재의효과분석: 결의안1874호를중심으로" 한국개발연구원 2011

      32 Noland, Marcus, "They’re Not Brainwashed, They’re Just Miserable: What North Koreans Really Want"

      33 Drezner, Daniel W., "The Sanctions Paradox: Economic Statecraft and International Relations" Cambridge University Press 1999

      34 Allen, Susan Hannah, "The Determinants of Economic Sanctions Success and Failure" 31 (31): 117-138, 2005

      35 Brooks, Risa A., "Sanctions and Regime Type: What Works, and When?" 11 (11): 1-50, 2002

      36 Drury, A. Cooper, "Revisiting Economic Sanctions Reconsidered" 35 (35): 497-509, 1998

      37 UNSC, "Resolution 2270: Adopted by the Security Council at its 7638th Meeting, March 2, Document S/RES/2270"

      38 UNSC, "Resolution 2094: Adopted by the Security Council at its 6932nd Meeting, March 7, Document S/RES/2094"

      39 UNSC, "Resolution 1874: Adopted by the Security Council at its 6141st Meeting, June 12, Document S/RES/1874"

      40 UNSC, "Resolution 1718: Adopted by the Security Council at its 5551st Meeting, October 14, Document S/RES/1718"

      41 WFP, "Quantity Reporting"

      42 Bush, George W., "President Bush Discusses Iraq"

      43 Nikitin, Mary Beth, "North Korea’s Second Nuclear Test: Implications of U.N. Security Council Resolution 1874" CRS 2010

      44 한국농촌경제연구원, "KREI 북한농업동향" 한국농촌경제연구원 2009

      45 Carter, Barry E., "International Economic Sanctions: Improving the Haphazard U.S. Legal Regime" Cambridge University Press 1988

      46 McLean, Elena V., "Friends or Foes? Major Trading Partners and the Success of Economic Sanctions" 54 (54): 427-447, 2010

      47 Manyin, Mark E., "Foreign Assistance to North Korea" Congressional Research Service 2011

      48 FAO, "FAO/WFP Crop and Food Security Assessment Mission to the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, Special Report"

      49 Rennack, Dianne E., "Economic Sanctions to Achieve U.S. Foreign Policy Goals: Discussion and Guide to Current Law" CRS 1998

      50 Hufbauer, Gary Clyde, "Economic Sanctions Reconsidered" Peterson Institute for International Economics 2007

      51 Bergeijk, Peter Van, "Economic Diplomacy, Trade and Commercial Policy:Positive and Negative Sanctions in a New World Order" Edward Elgar 1994

      52 Bonetti, Shane, "Distinguishing Characteristics of Degrees of Success and Failure in Economic Sanctions Episodes" 30 (30): 805-813, 1998

      53 Drezner, Daniel W., "Bargaining, Enforcement, and Multilateral Sanctions: When Is Cooperation Counterproductive?" 54 (54): 73-102, 2000

      54 Tostensen, Arne, "Are Smart Sanctions Feasible?" 54 (54): 373-403, 2002

      55 Lektzian, David, "An Institutional Theory of Sanctions Onset and Success" 51 (51): 848-871, 2007

      56 외교부 북핵외교기획단, "4차 6자회담 공동성명 (2005.9.19, 베이징)"

      57 Korea Trade-Investment Promotion Agency, "2015년 북한 대외무역동향" KOTRA 2016

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