서울지역 문화주택의 근대정원 형성과정 및 조영특성 - 개항기 조계지 근대정원과의 비교를 중심으로 - = A Process and Contrast Characteristics of the Modern Garden Formation of Modern Housing in Seoul - Focusing on the Comparison with the Modern Garden of Leased Territory during the Opening Period -

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study aims to examine the pattern of the modern garden formed in leased territory during the opening period and the inflow of the garden along with the creation of Seoul modern housing. The garden characteristics were compared for houses in Jiwoljang garden and Galwol-dong house in Yongsan, where modern housing was mainly built at that time. The results as follows;
First, during the opening of the port, the modern garden of leased territory was formed as a foreign residence, and their garden culture flowed in. In particular, as it led to Japanese colonial era, transplantation of Japanese gardens appeared. At that time, most of the leased territory were underdeveloped areas, and modern gardens were formed based on huge capital from the beginning. Since then, modernization has spread from leased territory to Seoul, and along with the opening of the Japanese colonial era railway, a cultural housing complex has been formed in Yongsan, west of the city, including Gyeongbokgung Palace, which is easy to protect Japanese troops.
Second, the characteristics of the Japanese-style garden are confirmed by the Japanese founder's first house and garden in Jiwoljang garden and Galwol-dong houses. Jiwoljang garden is a garden created by Sukyoshi Nishishima, director of Siksan Railway Co., Ltd., and a garden was placed on a three-stage slope to view the garden from the building. There are garden stones and five stone pagodas in the garden, and it seems that a pond was built along the topography of the valley. Galwol-dong House is a secondary sale site in Tsurugaoka, and houses within a narrow scale were arranged according to the overcrowding phenomenon in the 1920s, flower garden were built along the wall in the form of a rear garden on a sloped slope, and flower wood was planted.
Third, as a result of comparing the modern garden of leased territory and the modern garden of Seoul modern housing during the opening period, there was no limit to the creation of a garden in a large area, but Seoul is limited to spaces confined by buildings due to the population concentration of Hanyang in the late Joseon Dynasty. The modern garden of Seoul Cultural Housing is a limited and introverted garden isolated from external spaces unless the first founder preoccupies a relatively large lot through abundant capital as a businessman who entered Gyeongseong in the early stages.
The building inside the garden contained a modernized maisonette wooden structure in Japan. On the other hand, the use of tree species was limited compared to the modern garden of leased territory, and the planting technique was also used as a means to control growth, not to form the landscape of the garden.