한비자 형명일치(形名一致)론에 내재된 명(名)의 언어 수행적 특징 = Han Feizi`s consistency of Xing and Ming Theory －the performative characteristics of ming－

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Han Feizi`s theory of Xingming is a direct descendant of China`s unique system of thought, the theory of Mingshi. The traditional theory of Mingshi studies the relationship between “ming” and “shi” while Han Feizi uses his own “xing” and “ming” to reestablish the concept. For this reason, the new Xingming theory requests for a new interpretation different from that of the pre-existing one. Therefore, the aim of this research is to rethink Han Feizi`s theory by using the “speech act theory.” John Austin`s speech act theory notes that language and utterance should be perceived as action. Based on this perspective, “ming” is redefined as performative utterance such as suggestions of courtiers, promises, appointments made by the sovereign, and declarations. That is, “ming” no longer stands for titles, names, or political causes but for speech act in general, for example promises, suggestions, appointments, and declarations. Standing on this basis, the consistency of xing and ming can no longer be treated as a means to rationalize the reward and punishment system because speech act comes from the speaker and the directions of “world-to-world fit.” John Searle classifies speech act into two different directions, one is world-to-world fit and the other is word-to-world fit. The former applies for cases in which the word verbalizes a situation that has already happened such as affirmation, explanation, and description. The latter means the world changes to fit the word and avows, appointments, contracts, and guarantees are in this category. This kind of speech act is only possible when the world changes so the speaker takes on a responsibility. Han Feizi acknowledges the reward and punishment system only when responsibility develops into obligation. The speech act theory allows us not only to rethink the consistency of xing and ming but also to shed from the pre-existing rigid interpretation. In accordance with the controversy surrounding language and world, this research contributes to overcoming the sovereign-centered political Xingming theory.