VTA를 적용한 주요 가로수의 수종별 결함 요인 분석 - 인천광역시 남동구, 연수구 가로수를 중심으로 - = Analysis of Defect Factors for Major Street Tree Species Using Visual Tree Assessment(VTA) - Based on Street Trees in Namdong-Gu and Yeonsu-Gu, Incheon -

국문 초록 (Abstract)

가로수의 수종에 따른 결함 요인을 분석하고자 인천광역시의 가로수 느티나무, 백합나무, 양버즘나무와 왕벚나무 4수종을 대상으로 시각적 수목평가를 실시하고 위해 정도를 파악하였다. 느티나무는 변재부의 부후 상처가 다른 수종에 비해 많고 상처면적이 큰 개체도 다수 발견되나 줄기에서 관찰되는 공동의 수는 적고 균류의 자실체 발생률 또한 낮았다. 반면 타진음 검사에서 이상 소견이 가장 많이 관찰되었고 동일세력 줄기의 발생률과 분기지점의 결함 수관에서 차지하는 고사지의 비율 등은 다른 수종에 비해 높다. 또한 줄기를 옥죄는 뿌리의 발생률은 비교적 낮고 수관이 차도 또는 보행로 방향으로 편중된 경향을 보였다. 백합나무는 구조적으로 안정된 수형을 이루고 있으며, 변재부의 부후상처 발생률, 타진음 검사결과 동일세력 줄기의 결함 등은 다른 수종에 비해 건전한 것으로 분석되었다. 그러나 백합나무는 줄기가 직립하는 성질이 강하여 수관이 편향된 개체의 비율은 비교적 낮은 편이다. 양버즘나무는 세장비가 비교적 높고 줄기가 약하게 기울어 자라는 특성이 관찰되나 활관비가 높아 활력을 유지하는것으로 판단된다. 줄기에 발생하는 결함 요인들도 비교적 낮은 수준이어서 건강성이 높으나 위험하지 않을 정도로 줄기가 기울어 수관이 차도 방향으로 편중된 개체의 비율은 높다. 왕벚나무는 세장비가 4수종 중 가장 낮아 초살이 잘 발달하는 수종이며, 활관비와 줄기의 기울기 각도는 비교적 안정한 편이다. 그러나 부후와 공동의 발생률은 다른 수종에 비해 유의적으로 높아 상처에 취약한 수종임을 확인할 수 있다. 수종별 위험도 등급을 구분한 결과 느티나무와 왕벚나무의 결함 발생률과 위험도가 비교적 높게 나타났으며, 백합나무와 양버즘나무는 상대적으로 도로환경의 적응도가 높은 것으로 판단된다. 시각적 수목평가는 조사할 나무의 수량이 많고 선형으로 식재된 가로수의 위험성 평가에 흔히 통용되는 방법인데, 향후 가로수의 건강한 생육과 안전한 관리를 위해 평가 항목을 개발하고 평가 기준을 표준화하는 등의 추가적인 연구가 필요하다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

To analyze the factors contributing to defect in street tree species, a Visual Tree Assessment (VTA) was conducted on four species: Zelkova serrata, Liriodendron tulipifera, Platanus occidentalis and Prunus × yedoensis, within Incheon Metropolitan City. Zelkova serrata exhibited a higher incidence of decay wounds in the sapwood compared to the other species, with several individuals displaying large wound areas. However, the number of cavities observed in the stem was minimal, and the occurrence rate of fruiting bodies of wood-decaying fungi was also low. In contrast, the mallet testing revealed the most abnormalities, with higher rates of co-dominant stems and a greater proportion of dead branches in the crown relative to other species. The occurrence of girdling roots was relatively low, and the crown tended to be biased toward the road or walkway. Liriodendron tulipifera exhibited a structurally stable form, with lower rates of decay wounds, healthier results in mallet testing, and fewer defects in co-dominant stems compared to the other species. However, the proportion of biased individuals was relatively low due to its excurrent growth habit. Platanus occidentalis showed relatively high slenderness and exhibited a tendency to grow with a slight tilt; however, it was determined to maintain vitality due to its high vitality ratio. The defect factors present in the stem were also relatively low, indicating good health, although a significant proportion of stems were biased toward the road, which was not considered dangerous. Prunus × yedoensis had the lowest slenderness among the four species, demonstrating robust development of juvenile shoots, with both vitality ratio and stem tilt angle remaining relatively stable. However, the incidence of decay and cavities was significantly higher than that of the other species, confirming its vulnerability to wounds. The risk assessment categorized by species indicated that Zelkova serrata and Prunus × yedoensis exhibited relatively high defect rates and risk grades, while Liriodendron tulipifera and Platanus occidentalis were assessed to have greater adaptability to road environments. The VTA is a commonly used method for assessing the risks associated with street trees, particularly when managing extensive linear plantings. Further research is necessary to develop evaluation criteria and standardize assessment factors to ensure the healthy growth and safe management of street trees in the future.

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