從“自律”觀點論易經哲學之現代意義 = The Modern Significance of the Yijing in Terms of “Autonomy”

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This paper studies the contemporary significance of the Yijing 易經 by analyzing the perspective of “autonomy (zilü 自律)” in the Yijing. To do this, this paper examines both the meaning of “autonomy” as a philosophical term and how the concept of autonomy is used in the Yijing. The essay proposes that the whole philosophical system of the Yijing can be understood by the idea of “autonomy”. This is because its views on the highest good of human beings, the process of its realization, and the world of grand unity (datongshijie 大同世界) as the ultimate state of affairs all accord with the perspective of autonomy. Hence, I focus on the process of extending human autonomy in order to explore the philosophical system and contemporary meaning of the Yijing. This paper’s concept of “autonomy” has been developed from come from Kant’s notion of “autonomy,” an idea which has been recognized as the core concept of his thinking, and the basis of most subsequent conceptions of autonomy. Despite the importance of Kant’s thought in Western philosophy, Confucian thought has its own unique perspective on the concept of autonomy. Although the Confucian classics did not directly present a fully developed notion of autonomy, certain key components of the fuller concept of autonomy are inherent in Confucian thought. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the Yijing’s ideas regarding how humans can become free from the bondage of external rules and reach the acme of being an autonomous person (zilüren 自律人). Furthermore, this paper demonstrates that the ultimate goal of human beings in the Yijing is to be free men (ziyouren 自由人). This paper also explores the significance of human autonomy by analyzing the meaning of “emulating Heaven and Earth (fatiandi 法天地)” and “corresponding (ganying 感應)” in Confucian thought on humans, nature, and zhongyong 中庸.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

本文旨是採取“自律”的觀點，以探討易經思想之現代意義。這裡首先要從二方面進行釐清。第一是, 先釐清一下本文所謂的“自律”觀念。第二是, 要說明這種自律性觀念如何適用於分析易經哲學內涵。據本人所了解，易經思想的整個系統皆可以以“自律性”觀念詮釋。因為儒家“人”的最高善及其實現途徑以及所要實現的大同世界皆符合自律的觀點。因此，本人以“人自律擴大過程”作為本論文的主題。在本論文中，所謂的“自律性”概念，係由康德(I. Kant)哲學的“自律”觀念而來，因為後人任何形態的“自律”概念都包含康德“自律”概念的內涵，所以將其作為本論文中“自律性”概念的理論核心。然而，儒家思想具有其獨特性。雖然儒家經典中未提出“自律性”概念，但其思想蘊含著很豐富的自律觀念。本論文的目的在於闡述易經哲學中人如何達到自律人的境界以及如何脫離外來法則之約束。並且告知人們易經哲學中人觀的終極目的就是自由人。最後，將通過對於儒家自然觀以及中庸，易傳哲學中的“法天地”與“感應”的含義，來進一步探討人自律性的意義。

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 "論語"

2 "荀子"

3 盧梭, "社會契約論" 唐山出版社 1987

4 吳怡, "易經繫辭傳解義" 三民書局 1993

5 成中英, "易經之理想系統" 東大書局 2007

6 "易經"

7 朱伯崑, "易學哲學史" 昆侖出版社 2005

8 黃振華, "康德與儒家哲學" (117) : 1985

9 "孟子"

10 "困學紀"

11 Kant, Immanuel., "Groundwork of the Metaphysic of Moral" Harper & Row 1964