Optimization of the extraction process of high levels of chlorogenic acid and ginsenosides from short-term hydroponic-cultured ginseng and evaluation of the extract for the prevention of atopic dermatitis

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Short-term hydroponic-cultured ginseng (sHCG), which is 1-year-old ginseng seedlingscultivated for 4 weeks in a hydroponic system, is a functional food item with several biological effects.
However, the optimal extraction conditions for sHCG, and the bioactivity of its extracts, have not beenevaluated.
Methods: Chlorogenic acid (CGA) and ginsenoside contents were evaluated in sHCG, white ginseng (WG),and red ginseng (RG) using high-performance liquid chromatography. Response surface methodology(RSM) was used to optimize the extraction conditions (temperature and ethanol concentration) tomaximize the yield of dry matter, CGA, and four ginsenosides (Re, Rg1, Rb1, and Rd) from sHCG. Theoptimal extraction conditions were applied to pilot-scale production of sHCG extracts. The expressionlevels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-a/interferon (IFN)-g-induced thymic and activation-regulatedchemokines (TARC/CCL17) were measured after treatment with sHCG, WG, and RG extracts, and theeffects of their bioactive compounds (CGA and four ginsenosides) on human skin keratinocytes (HaCaTs)were evaluated.
Results: CGA and four ginsenosides, which are bioactive compounds of sHCG, significantly inhibited TNFa/IFN-g-induced TARC/CCL17 expression. The optimal sHCG extraction conditions predicted by the RSMmodels were 80 C and 60% ethanol (v/v). The sHCG extracts produced at the pilot scale under optimalconditions greatly alleviated TNF-a/IFN-g-induced TARC/CCL17 production compared with WG and RGextracts.
Conclusions: Pesticide-free sHCG extracts, which contain high levels of CGA and the ginsenosides Re, Rg1,Rb1, and Rd as bioactive compounds, may have therapeutic potential for atopic diseases.

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