4월혁명 직후 정군(整軍)운동과 5.16 쿠데타 = Military Purification Movement after the April Revolution and 5.16 Coup in South Korea

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This article explores the relationship between the military purification movement which occurred right after the April Revolution in 1960 and the military coup in May 16, 1961. The leaders of 5.16 Coup were the officers which had led military purification movement. They argued that military purification movement was deterred by Chang Myon regime which was corrupt and incompetent. Thus, they inevitably overthrew Chang Myon regime by the coup. However, both of the recently declassified U.S. government documents and the newspaper articles published in South Korea at that time showed that the U.S. generals such as United Nation Commander Magruder strongly opposed the purging top South Korean generals who were responsible for corruption and election rigging during the Rhee Syngman regime. Actually, Chang Myon regime was sympathetic to the military purification movement and tried to change top generals. If Chang Myon government had succeeded in changing top military officers, his government has seized military apparatus far more strongly and has responded to the coup plot more effectively. However, intervention of the U.S. generals hindered Chang Myon regime from pursuing the reform of military personnel. Some officers who took part in military purification movement planed military coup for their own political purpose, not for morals of military reform. The coup leaders indorsed General Chang Do-young, Army Chief of Staff, as the nominal head of the coup because they wanted to show clearly that their coup was supported by all the troops in South Korea and the coup was anti-communism and pro-America. Then, Chang Do-young had been one of the generals who were on the list for purging in the course of military purification movement because he was outstanding pro-Rhee regime officer in 1950s. The coup leaders betrayed themselves the justification of military purification movement for the success of the coup.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. 머리말
• Ⅱ. 정군(整軍)운동과 한국 정부, 한국군, 미국의 상호관계
• Ⅲ. 정군운동과 쿠데타 추진의 관련성
• Ⅳ. 맺음말
• 참고문헌
• 〈ABSTRACT〉

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 국가기록원, "해외수집 기록물 번역집 I, 미국 케네디 대통령 도서관 한국관련 기록물" 2006

2 한국혁명재판사편찬위원회, "한국혁명재판사 1" 동아출판사 1962

3 한용원, "한국의 군부정치" 대왕사 1993

4 이호룡, "한국민주화운동사 1" 돌베개 2008

5 한국군사혁명사편찬위원회, "한국군사혁명사 1-상" 동아서적주식회사 1963

6 함영준, "학생데모 유치공작의 전모"

7 홍석률, "통일논의와 정치사회적 갈등" 서울대출판부 2001

8 최준명, "태동과 결행의 373일"

9 모리스 아륄롱, "쿠데타와 공화정" 한울 1998

10 강성재, "참군인 이종찬 장군" 동아일보사

11 이태영, "쪽박으로 한강물을" 조선일보사 1985

12 이완범, "장면과 정권교체: 미국의 대안고려와 그 포기 과정을 중심으로, 1952～1961" 한국민족운동사학회 34 : 5-70, 2003

13 김교식, "석두장군은 대권을 노렸다"

14 백태하, "반역자의 고백" 제일미디어 1996

15 하야시 다케히코, "박정희 시대-한국, 위로부터의 혁명 18년" 월드콤 1995

16 장도영, "망향" 숲속의 꿈 2001

17 "동아일보"

18 허정, "내일을 위한 증언" 샘터사 1979

19 조갑제, "내 무덤에 침을 뱉어라 4-5" 조선일보사 1999

20 김경재, "김형욱 회고록 -혁명과 우상- 1-2" 인물과 사상사 2009

21 마상윤, "근대화 이데올로기와 미국의 대한 정책: 케네디 행정부와 5.16 쿠데타" 한국국제정치학회 42 (42): 225-247, 2002

22 "경향신문"

23 김재춘, "‘5.16혁명사’는 다시 쓰여져야 한다" 1983

24 Department of State, "Foreign Relations of the United States 1961-1963, Vol. XXII" United States Government Printing Office 1996

25 "Department of State, Central Decimal Files" National Archive at College Park 1963

26 Department of State, "Bureau of Far Eastern Affairs, Office of the Assistant Secretary for Eastern Asian Affairs - Subject, Personal, Name and Country Files" National Archive at College Park 1963

27 박태균, "5.16쿠데타와 미국" (여름) : 2001

28 김세중, "5.16-산업화 민족주의 혁명, In 박정희시대 연구의 쟁점과 과제" 선인 2005

29 5.16혁명사편찬위원회, "5.16 혁명실기"

30 홍석률, "5.16 쿠데타의 원인과 한미관계" 168 : 2000

31 노영기, "5.16 주체세력 분석, In 1960년대 한국의 근대화와 지식인" 선인 2004

32 김일영, "5.16 군사쿠데타, 군정 그리고 미국" 41 (41): 2001

33 홍석률, "4월혁명과 이승만 정권의 붕괴 과정 -민주항쟁과 민주당, 미국, 한국군의 대응-" 역사문화연구소 (36) : 147-192, 2010

34 민주화운동기념사업회, "4월혁명 이후 민주화운동 사료집-민주화운동 일지-" 1-, 2012

35 김세중, "2공 민군관계 역전의 구조와 과정 - 국내적 행위자의 책임을 중심으로 -" 한국민족운동사학회 34 : 71-107, 2003