국가폐암검진 CT에서의 폐암 외 중요 소견 = Significant Abnormalities Other than Lung Cancer in Korean Lung Cancer CT Screening

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

A low-dose chest CT is performed for early detection of lung cancer, but the CT scan frequently shows several incidental abnormalities. Identification of the incidental findings may enable early detection of diseases other than lung cancer, thereby improving the survival of the individual undergoing screening. However, insignificant incidental abnormalities may cause unnecessary additional examination and costs. It is crucial for radiologists to appropriately comprehend and report significant incidental abnormalities other than lung cancer for successful implementation of the national lung cancer screening program in Korea.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

폐암검진을 위한 저선량 흉부 CT의 목적은 폐암의 조기 발견에 있지만, 여러 가지 부수적인이상 소견들이 저선량 흉부 CT에서 보일 수 있다. 이로 인해 검진자들에게서 폐암 외 다른 질환이 조기에 발견되기도 하지만 불필요한 추가검사 및 비용이 발생하기도 한다. 국가폐암검진의 성공적인 안착을 위해서는 영상의학과 의사들이 폐암 외 중요한 우연한 소견들을 적절히 이해하고 보고하는 것이 중요하다.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 Xie X, "Validation and prognosis of coronary artery calcium scoring in nontriggered thoracic computed tomography : systematic review and meta-analysis" 6 : 514-521, 2013

2 Bahl M, "Trends in incidentally identified thyroid cancers over a decade : a retrospective analysis of 2, 090 surgical patients" 38 : 1312-1317, 2014

3 Durham AL, "The relationship between COPD and lung cancer" 90 : 121-127, 2015

4 National Lung Screening Trial Research Team, "The national lung screening trial : overview and study design" 258 : 243-253, 2011

5 Attili AK, "Smoking-related interstitial lung disease : radiologic-clinical-pathologic correlation" 28 : 1383-1396, 2008

6 Swensen SJ, "Screening for lung cancer with low-dose spiral computed tomography" 165 : 508-513, 2002

7 MacRedmond R, "Screening for lung cancer using low dose CT scanning" 59 : 237-241, 2004

8 Mazzone PJ, "Screening for lung cancer : CHEST guideline and expert panel report" 153 : 954-985, 2018

9 National Lung Screening Trial Research Team, "Reduced lung-cancer mortality with low-dose computed tomographic screening" 365 : 395-409, 2011

10 황용일, "Recent Trends in the Prevalence of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Korea" 대한결핵및호흡기학회 80 (80): 226-229, 2017

11 이지원, "Radiological Report of Pilot Study for the Korean Lung Cancer Screening (K-LUCAS) Project: Feasibility of Implementing Lung Imaging Reporting and Data System" 대한영상의학회 19 (19): 803-808, 2018

12 Eui Jin Hwang, "Quantitative Thoracic Magnetic Resonance Criteria for the Differentiation of Cysts from Solid Masses in the Anterior Mediastinum" 대한영상의학회 20 (20): 854-861, 2019

13 McWilliams A, "Probability of cancer in pulmonary nodules detected on first screening CT" 369 : 910-919, 2013

14 Jacobs PC, "Prevalence of incidental findings in computed tomographic screening of the chest : a systematic review" 32 : 214-221, 2008

15 McKee BJ, "Performance of ACR lung-RADS in a clinical CT lung screening program" 13 : R25-R29, 2016

16 Van de Wiel JC, "Neglectable benefit of searching for incidental findings in the Dutch-Belgian lung cancer screening trial(NELSON)using low-dose multidetector CT" 17 : 1474-1482, 2007

17 Stigt JA, "Mediastinal incidentalomas" 6 : 1345-1349, 2011

18 Hoang JK, "Managing incidental thyroid nodules detected on imaging : white paper of the ACR Incidental Thyroid Findings Committee" 12 : 143-150, 2015

19 Munden RF, "Managing incidental findings on thoracic CT: mediastinal and cardiovascular findings. A white paper of the ACR incidental findings committee" 15 : 1087-1096, 2018

20 Berland LL, "Managing incidental findings on abdominal CT : white paper of the ACR incidental findings committee" 7 : 754-773, 2010

21 Mayo-Smith WW, "Management of incidental adrenal masses : a white paper of the ACR incidental findings committee" 14 : 1038-1044, 2017

22 Mets OM, "Lung cancer screening CT-based prediction of cardiovascular events" 6 : 899-907, 2013

23 American College of Radiology, "Lung CT screening reporting & data system"

24 Jin GY, "Interstitial lung abnormalities in a CT lung cancer screening population : prevalence and progression rate" 268 : 563-571, 2013

25 Hunninghake GM, "Interstitial lung abnormalities : erecting fences in the path towards advanced pulmonary fibrosis" 74 : 506-511, 2019

26 Yoon SH, "Incidental anterior mediastinal nodular lesions on chest CT in asymptomatic subjects" 13 : 359-366, 2018

27 Little SA, "High resolution computed tomographic assessment of airway wall thickness in chronic asthma : reproducibility and relationship with lung function and severity" 57 : 247-253, 2002

28 Kim H, "Growth of thymic epithelial tumors and thymic cysts : differential radiological points" 10 : 864-871, 2019

29 Putman RK, "Genetics and early detection in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis" 189 : 770-778, 2014

30 Morgan L, "Frequency of incidental findings and subsequent evaluation in low-dose computed tomographic scans for lung cancer screening" 14 : 1450-1456, 2017

31 Reiter MJ, "Frequency and distribution of incidental findings deemed appropriate for S modifier designation on low-dose CT in a lung cancer screening program" 120 : 1-6, 2018

32 Rampinelli C, "Extrapulmonary malignancies detected at lung cancer screening" 261 : 293-299, 2011

33 Nguyen XV, "Extrapulmonary findings and malignancies in participants screened with chest CT in the national lung screening trial" 14 : 324-330, 2017

34 Dean DS, "Epidemiology of thyroid nodules" 22 : 901-911, 2008

35 Raherison C, "Epidemiology of COPD" 18 : 213-221, 2009

36 Sekine Y, "Early detection of COPD is important for lung cancer surveillance" 39 : 1230-1240, 2012

37 이상협, "Distinguishing between Thymic Epithelial Tumors and Benign Cysts via Computed Tomography" 대한영상의학회 20 (20): 671-682, 2019

38 Davies L, "Current thyroid cancer trends in the United States" 140 : 317-322, 2014

39 Detrano R, "Coronary calcium as a predictor of coronary events in four racial or ethnic groups" 358 : 1336-1345, 2008

40 Jacobs PC, "Coronary artery calcium can predict all-cause mortality and cardiovascular events on low-dose CT screening for lung cancer" 198 : 505-511, 2012

41 Hecht H, "Clinical indications for coronary artery calcium scoring in asymptomatic patients : expert consensus statement from the society of cardiovascular computed tomography" 11 : 157-168, 2017

42 Lynch DA, "CT-definable subtypes of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease : a statement of the Fleischner society" 277 : 192-205, 2015

43 Henschke CI, "CT screening for lung cancer : prevalence and incidence of mediastinal masses" 239 : 586-590, 2006

44 Chiles C, "Association of coronary artery calcification and mortality in the national lung screening trial : a comparison of three scoring methods" 276 : 82-90, 2015

45 Putman RK, "Association between interstitial lung abnormalities and all-cause mortality" 315 : 672-681, 2016

46 De Torres JP, "Assessing the relationship between lung cancer risk and emphysema detected on low-dose CT of the chest" 132 : 1932-1938, 2007

47 Kucharczyk MJ, "Assessing the impact of incidental findings in a lung cancer screening study by using low-dose computed tomography" 62 : 141-145, 2011

48 Carter BW, "Approaching the patient with an anterior mediastinal mass : a guide for radiologists" 9 : S110-S118, 2014

49 Araki T, "Anterior mediastinal masses in the framingham heart study : prevalence and CT image characteristics" 2 : 26-31, 2015

50 Evison M, "A study of patients with isolated mediastinal and hilar lymphadenopathy undergoing EBUS-TBNA" 1 : e000040-, 2014

51 Freedman ND, "A prospective study of tobacco, alcohol, and the risk of esophageal and gastric cancer subtypes" 165 : 1424-1433, 2007

52 Hecht HS, "2016 SCCT/STR guidelines for coronary artery calcium scoring of noncontrast noncardiac chest CT scans : a report of the society of cardiovascular computed tomography and society of thoracic radiology" 11 : 74-84, 2017

53 Hiratzka LF, "2010 ACCF/AHA/AATS/ACR/ASA/SCA/SCAI/SIR/STS/SVM guidelines for the diagnosis and management of patients with thoracic aortic disease. A report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on practice guidelines, American Association for Thoracic Surgery, American College of Radiology, American Stroke Association, Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, Society of Interventional Radiology, Society of Thoracic Surgeons, and Society for Vascular Medicine" 55 : e27-e129, 2010

54 Greenland P, "2010 ACCF/AHA guideline for assessment of cardiovascular risk in asymptomatic adults : a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on practice guidelines" 56 : e50-e103, 2010