범유행병과 국제협력: 에이즈의 사례를 통해서 본 코비드-19의 함의와 국제협력의 전망

국문 초록 (Abstract)

이 논문의 목적은 최근 새롭게 범유행병(pandemic)으로 등장한 코비드-19를, 20세기 후반 폭발적으로 확산되었으나 방역과 통제에 성공한 에이즈(후천성 면역결핍증, HIV/AIDS)의 사례와 비교함으로써, 이러한 초국가적 보건 위기가 국제정치에 미치는 영향을 고찰하고, 이에 대응하기 위한 국제사회의 협력 가능성을 전망해 보는데 있다. 국가 간 협력은 어떤 조건에서 창발하는가? 초국가적 이슈를 놓고 국가들이 협력하는 조건에 관해서, 먼저 국제정치학에서 논의된 협력에 관한 이론들을 살펴보고 이를 에이즈의 협력 사례에 적용하였다. 에이즈의 경우, 이를 “인도적 위기”로 재정의하고 이에 대한 국제사회의 협력을 윤리적 책무로 규정한 규범의 형성을 통해 협력이 가능했다. 이어 동일한 이론적 맥락에서 코비드-19에 대한 협력의 가능성을 에이즈 사례와의 비교를 통해 전망해 보았다. 이 두 감염병은 감염학적으로(epidemiological), 그리고 확산 당시의 국제정치적 환경의 측면에서 상이하다. 2000년대 초 패권국인 미국은 국제주의적 외교정책 노선을 바탕으로 에이즈에 대한 협력을 주도했다. 그러나 2020년 현재, 미국은 기존의 예외주의적 정체성을 포기하고, 협력보다는 자국의 이익을 우선하는 현실주의적 외교정책으로 선회하는 중이다. 이처럼 협력을 이끌어낼 주체가 부재한 상황 속에서, 코비드-19에 대한 국제사회의 협력적 대응을 기대하기는 어려워 보인다. 이처럼 코비드-19는 앞으로 다가올 미래에 불확실성을 덧칠하는 동시에, 변화를 노정하는 국제정치의 민낯을 드러내며, 그 변화에 속도를 더하는 촉진제의 역할을 할 것으로 보인다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The research seeks to contemplate the prospect of international cooperation (or lack thereof) in responding to the newly emerging pandemic, COVID-19. First off, a series of international relations theories on cooperation is examined as a framework, based upon which to understand the conditions where cooperation amongst states becomes viable. The research proceeds to the juxtaposition of COVID-19 with HIV/AIDS, which was one of the deadliest epidemics since the late 20thcentury, but also being recognized as a success case of international cooperation for its prevention and treatment. Can the concerted efforts to grapple with HIV/AIDS be epitomized for the fight against the new pandemic? The author rejoinders with a gloomy prognosis considering the varying epidemiological traits between the two epidemics. More importantly, the international environment of 2020 differs from that of the early 2000s; the US has been recently relinquishing its exceptionalist identity and the concomitant roles it had played as an anarchitect and advocate of the liberal international order where collaboration amongst states was more attainable under the auspices of the US. In the absence of the centripetal power of the US, more disintegrated and nationalistic landscape of international disorder looms large, which insinuates that the collaborative responses to COVID-19 is less likely feasible.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. 들어가며
• Ⅱ. 협력의 국제정치학: 국가 간 협력은 어떠한 조건에서 창발하는가?
• Ⅲ. 에이즈의 출현, 감염 경로, 확산 및 대응
• Ⅳ. 에이즈의 사례를 통해 본 코비드-19의 함의와 국제협력의 전망
• Ⅴ. 맺으며
• 참고문헌

참고문헌 (Reference)

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