국내 전략환경평가의 사회,경제성 부문 기능 확립을 위한 기초연구 = A Research on Enhancing Socioeconomic Evaluations in the Korean Strategic Environmental Impact Assessment

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study examined applications of environmental justice in the strategic environmental assessment in the United Kingdom(U.K.). Through this examination, policy implications to establish socioeconomic assessments in the Korean strategic environmental assessment were proposed. We analyzed how the strategic environmental assessment in the United Kingdom was applied. In 2001, the European Union developed the Strategic Environmental Assessment Directive to provide the legal basis for its member states to establish strategic environmental assessment programs. The U.K. mandated the sustainability appraisal when regional spatial plans or local development plans were created, and the sustainability appraisal can be used as an alternative to strategic environmental assessment. To make this possible, the U.K. amended the procedure of the sustainability appraisal to comply with the procedure of strategic environmental assessment regulated under the Directive. The Scottish government expanded that all public plans, programmes, strategies must go through strategic environmental assessment under newly created the Scottish Strategic Environmental Assessment Act in 2005. The U.K. (including Scottish) strategic environmental assessment was developed to accomplish sustainable development, and one of the principles of sustainable development is promoting social equity. Given strategic environmental assessment, promotion of environmental justice rather than social justice was emphasized in the U.K. strategic environmental assessment. In England, through various environmental justice studies, it is established that environmental inequality is a serious social problem in England. Because of this, environmental inequality became a critical component in the sustainability appraisal. By contrast, the Scottish government and academia insisted that environmental justice should play a pivotal role in the strategic environmental assessment. Because the U.K. sustainability appraisal was based on objective-led assessment, several problem emerged such as inability to clearly defined objectives of sustainable development and/or environmental justice and limitations of public participation due to the expert-oriented assessment structure. For Scotland, because principles of environmental justice in the U.S. were accepted without adjustments in Scottish social circumstances, assessments of environmental inequality in the national level were inadequately carried out, no social consensus that environmental inequality is a serious social problem was reached. Thus, the claim that environmental justice should play a pivotal role in the strategic environmental assessment remains political and academic rhetorics. Through examination of U.K. and Scottish application of environmental justice in strategic environmental assessments, several policy implications to establish environmental justice evaluations in the Korean strategic environmental assessment were proposed. They are (1) necessity to develop methods for environmental justice evaluations: (2) establishment of databases to accomplish environmental justice evaluations: (3) enhancement of procedural aspects of the strategic environmental assessment: (4) Utilization of current political opportunities: (5) Developing the sustainability appraisal system in the long-term.