조선 제국(諸國)의 고강(故疆) 및 진한 신라의 상관성 고찰 = A study on the territories of the Joseon Kingdoms and their relevance to Chinhan Silla

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study aims to prove that ancient Liaodong and Sagun (四郡) which were facing Qingzhou of Shandong were the sovereign territories of the ancient Joseon, not of China before the Jin Dynasty, based on documents available. The term ‘Hansa-gun’ easily leads to a misunderstanding that the area of the ancient Joseon, where Sagun was located in, was ruled by the Han (漢). Sagun, however, was a common term to indicate an autonomous administrative district, similar to Jimizhou (羈縻州), located in the ancient Joseon territory. The Sui-Tang (隋唐) took Guzhu (孤竹: current northwestern Changping [昌平縣] in Beijing) as the district of Jimizhou, under the control of Daizhou (帶州). In consequence, Sagun of the Han Dynasty, previous to the Sui-Tang, should be regarded as a administrative unit similar to Jimizhou. Therefore, the ancient Joseon is stated as Joseon, Hansa-gun as Sagun in this article.
This study defines the location of Yan State and proves that Yan was not in Beijing, while reading through the numorous documents on Zaogong, the regional lord of Yan (the early Zhou dynasty), and the theses of Chinese scholars who have claimed the idea of “Yan, not in Beijing (燕非在於北京)”. When we look over the phrase of “to give eight kindoms of Chinhan (辰韓) to Nakrang” in the Romance of the Three Kingdoms-Weishu (『三國志-魏書』), and the record on Yokkegyong (歷谿卿) of Joseon and Yumsachi (廉斯鑡) of Chinhan quoted in the Weilue (『魏略』), it is certain that Joseon and Chinhan Nakrang were the kingdoms of Joseon, facing each other against borders. While clarifying the ancient borders of the kingdoms in the Joseon territories, this study will throw questions on the relationship between the early Silla and Chinhan, and the birth place of Silla’s founder.
The Northeast Project intends to claim Preemptive Rights of China on the Korean Peninsula by including Gangwon Province and the part of Hwanghae and Gyeonggi into the territory of the Xihan. The project corresponds with the Japanese argument on Preemptive Rights on Korea through Imnailbonbu (任那日本府). While examining the inscription on Doulu-Engong Memorial Stone (豆盧恩公神道碑) of the Northern Zhou period, excavated in Xianyang (咸陽) in 1919, it is undoubtful that ancient Lioashan (遼山) and Wusui (武遂) of Shanxi (山西), Suseong Prefecture (where Jieshi [碣石] was located) and others, were actually the domains of Joseon Guzhu before the Jin. This study will try to throw light on the names of ancient regions and their locations by suggesting the idea that Yanjing-shan (燕京山) was the base of Shanrong (山戎), the outlanders in northern Shanxi (山西), and through scrunitizing the various evidences.