중국조선족 대중소설 연구 = A Study on the Korean-Chinese Popular Novel

국문 초록 (Abstract)

이 글은 중국의 개혁개방시기 이후로 장착된 중국조선족 소설들 중에서도 현대대중소설의 개념과 실제에 부합되는 일련의 소설들을 대상으로, 해당 작품들의 미적 가치와 문학적 의미를 구명해 보이고자 하는 것이다. 중국조선족 소설문학은 그 태동기 때부터 한국문학과 밀접한 연관성을 지니고 있었으나 변모된 정치, 문화적 환경 속에서 발전을 거듭하면서 문학적 독자성을 형성하게 되었다. 중국조선족 문학 고유의 특성과 문학적 성과를 거둔 것으로 평가할 수 있는 중국조선족 소설은, 비록 현실적으로는 중국 소수민족 문학 중의 하위 갈래로 인식되고 있지만, 민족문학적인 관점에서 파악할 때 우리 한민족 문학의 범주에 포함시킬 수 있는 `우리 소설`에 다름 아니다. 중국의 개혁개방 정책 이후 조선족 소설은 당대 중국사회의 시대 변화에 부응, 급변했던 중국조선족 사회의 변화 양상을 문학적으로 형상화하고 있는데, 이는 결국 생존 방식에 대한 기록이기도 하며, 특히 최근 들어 중국의 산업화, 자본주의화가 급속하게 진행되면서 부딪히는 현실에의 생존적 대응방식이기도 한 것이다. 개혁개방 시기 이후 현재의 중국 사회는 후발 아시아 산업국가 특유의 복합적인 사회 양태를 여실하게 경험하고 있다. 이른바, `전근대, 근대, 탈근대의 혼란스런 착종 현상`이 바로 그것으로서, 특히 한중 수교 이후 한국과 불가분의 관계를 맺고 있는 중국조선족 사회는 커다란 가치관의 혼란 상태를 겪고 있다. 개혁개방 이후, 중국이 서구 자본주의 시장경제 체제를 수용하면서 급변하는 조선족 사회의 변화 양상들은, 이후 조선족 소설들의 창작과 독자대중들이 향유하는 거의 모든 과정에 그대로 수용되고 있다. 바로 이 지점에서부터 재중 조선족 소설 문단 역시 대중소설적인 경향을 드러내고 있는 것이다. 특히 `도시`의 의미에 대한 천착, 현대사회와 여성의 의미에 대한 다각적 탐구, 변모된 성의식의 대중소설 수용 양상 등이야말로 중국조선족 대중소설들의 특징이라고 할 수 있다. 중국조선족 대중문학의 온당한 문학사적 시각을 확보하고 이를 통해 중국조선족 대중소설에 대한 문학적 가치 부여와 바람직한 기대지평을 모색해보는 것은, 결국 우리 자신과 우리가 살고 있는 현시대를 올바르게 이해하는 일이라고 바꿔 말할 수 있으며, 이 연구의 의미 또한 여기에서 찾을 수 있다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study aims at uncovering the aesthetic value and historical meaning of Korean-Chinese popular literature through detailed analyses of Korean-Chinese popular novel. During the early immigration history of Korean-Chinese people, Korean-Chinese literature had a close tie with contemporary Korean literature. However, years of Chinese political and cultural influences have shaped Korean-Chinese literature into a rather unique identity in terms of literacy as well as readers. The development of Korean-Chinese popular novel has gone through a quite unique path under the major influence of Chinese communist ideology along with that of North Korean and Russian literature. Each stage of its development exhibits its "localcolor" which is more or less different from Chinese mainstream literature. Especially during the era of post cultural revolution and late 70s, as Chinese government launched its social reforms, Korean-Chinese literature has started to show its interest on the nature of human beings. After South Korea and China established an official diplomatic relationship in early 1990s, Korean-Chinese novel society has further witnessed the maturity and variety in its development via rigorous exchange with its South Korean counterparts. It is well known that years of Cultural Revolution came to an end in 1976 and China stepped into a new era of social reforms. Consequently, Chinese society has gone through political, economical, social and cultural changes to a great extend and it started to embrace some of the capitalistic values and adopt new life style that corresponds to the market economy-based social patterns. Accordingly, Korean-Chinese novel society started to come into shape as popular literature with the increasing demand of novel readers. The contemporary Korean-Chinese novel is characterized by adopting the features and techniques of mainstream Chinese literature as its main frame to portray the changes of Korean-Chinese communities. Through the emerging of novels with distinct features of "reality novel" (depiction of common people`s lives and the real world), "scar literature" and "repentance literature," readers are exposed to various novels with great shape, both aesthetically and conceptually, of contemporary popular novel. The thematic scope of Korean-Chinese novel was further developed in great breadth and depth as Korean-Chinese community had came into contact with South Koreans, subsequently, the themes and writing styles witnessed the enormous development in its diversity. Novel writers shifted their focus not only to the Korean-Chinese community on its journey of searching its true identity but also the lives of Korean-Chinese people, their pains and joys, under ever changing new circumstances. Especially, the popular novels published recently in Korean-Chinese novel society attempts to meet the readers` needs from a new perspective whichis rooted in capitalistic life styles. Despite the inevitable conflict in value system between Korean-Chinese and South Korean in the course of direct or indirect exchange of materials and human resources, Korean-Chinese popular novel was able to successfully embrace the new changes and gain the popularity of the readers. Korean-Chinese popular novel has been a faithful witness and recorder of the life style of one minority group in China Korean-Chinese people, in the course of choosing ways to survive in greater China area. It can also be seen as the literary solution for the problems that Korean-Chinese community is currently facing as China experiences rapid changes in ideology and economic development. The study intends to examine not only the arguments about the Chinese-Korean popular novel but also their theoretical foundations and the feature of development. And then I tried to analyze several novels concretely. The purpose of this study is to acquire the adequate literary perspective to popular literature and to grope for `open vision` and desirable ground for it. And I think, This task is finally no more than to understand honestly the age to which we belong and ourselves who live in there.