중소제조기업 개방형 혁신과 수출성과 경로에서 외부환경 격변성의 조절효과 = The Moderating Effects of External Environmental Turbulence toward the Path between the Open Innovation and Export Performance of Manufacturing SMEs

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study explores the relationship between the open innovation, organizational innovation and the export performance of manufacturing SMEs and further examines the moderation effects of external environment two factors(technological turbulence and market turbulence) on the relationship between the open innovation and the organizational innovation. First, this study will be expected to expand the discussion of the existing studies by analyzing the effect of the relationship between the open innovation and external environmental factors to the SMEs innovative capability. Second, this study will try to present the practical implications by analyzing the effects of the open innovation and organizational innovation of manufacturing SMEs to the export performance. Third, this study will be expected to present the theoretical and practical implications of the role of the organizational innovation, in terms of dividing the organizational innovation into the product innovation and process innovation.
Based on the existing studies, research model in which integrate three components such as the open innovation, organizational innovation and external turbulence was proposed. For the empirical test, this study used 22 items to measure 6 latent variables. The sample was extracted from the firm lists of Korea Trade Investment Promotion Agency(KOTRA) and Korea Chamber of Commerce and Industry(KCCI). The research survey was conducted through online Google Docs. Survey duration was four months. After completing survey 150 questionnaires were collected from manufacturing. This study proposed total 8 hypotheses including moderating effects of the environmental turbulence and open innovation.
The result of analysis has shown that for the effect of open innovation on the product innovation capability and process innovation capability, both coefficient value are statistically significant. The product innovation capability has shown positive effect on the export performance of SMEs and the process innovation capability has shown same result. For the hypotheses about moderating effects of the external environmental turbulence, path coefficient value of it between the open innovation and the technological turbulence has shown significantly negative effect on the product innovation capability. It showed that excessive open innovation activity did not support the product innovation capability when considering the resource constraints of SMEs in the technological turbulence. In addition the moderating effect of the open innovation and the market turbulence has shown significantly positive effect on the product innovation capability. The rest moderating effects was found not significant.
Based on the empirical results, this study has theoretical and business implications. First, this research has a theoretical implication to expand the discussion of the existing researches on the open innovation as it examines the moderating effects of environmental turbulence.
Second, this study suggests a business implication to the Korea manufacturing SMEs. SMEs entering into the foreign market have to pursue open innovation activity for developing the organizational innovation. But manufacturing SMEs need to focus on optimizing the efficiency of the limited resources than to pursue an unreasonable changes to existing products when there is a igher condition of the technological turbulence Thirdly, the result of hypotheses testing, this research provide another business implication that manufacturing SMEs have to develop new technologies and products to actively cooperate with local partners if the market turbulence was high.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 연구는 중소 제조기업 수출성과에서 개방형 혁신과 조직혁신 역량이 미치는 영향을 분석하려는 목적으로 진행하였다. 이에 한국 중소 제조기업 150개를 대상으로 개방형 혁신, 조직혁신, 수출성과의 관계를 분석하였다. 또한, 외부환경 요인과 개방형 혁신의 조절효과를 포함하여 혁신과 외부환경의 관계를 살펴보았다. 기존 연구에 따라 개방형 혁신을 외부 기술과 지식 습득의 적극성으로 보았으며, 조직혁신은 제품혁신 역량과 공정혁신 역량으로 나누어 보았다. 외부환경 특성은 기술 격변성과 시장 격변성으로 나누어 설정하였다. 6개의 잠재변인을 22개 문항으로 측정하였으며, 조절효과를 포함한 8개 가설을 설정하였다. 구조방정식 모형을 사용하여 가설검정을 진행하였으며, PLS(Partial Least Square) 방법을 사용하였다. 분석 결과 개방형 혁신은 중소 제조기업의 제품혁신 역량과 공정혁신 역량에 모두 긍정적 영향을 주고 있었다. 제품혁신 역량과 공정혁신 역량은 또한 중소 제조기업 수출성과에 긍정적 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 조절효과 검증에서 개방형 혁신과 기술 격변성의 조절효과는 제품혁신 역량에 부정적 영향을 주었다. 반면, 시장 격변성과의 조절효과에서는 제품혁신 역량에 긍정적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 분석결과는 중소기업 자원 제약을 고려할 때 기술 변화가 빠른 환경에서 과도한 외부기술 지식 습득 활동이 도움이 되지 못함을 보여주었다. 다른 결과에 따른 이론적, 실무적 시사점과 연구 한계 및 앞으로 연구 방향을 논하였다.

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