『에마』의 서술자와 계층/젠더 문제 = Narrator in Emma and Class/Gender Issue

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This essay examines how the narrator changes her attitude from irony to sympathy towards Emma, as Emma`s self-knowledge grows in Jane Austen`s Emma. As far as `class` issues are concerned, the narrator undergoes a consistent and evident change in attitude. Regarding `gender` issues, however, the narrator`s change in attitude is uncertain. This study moves to illuminate Austen`s position towards `class` and `gender` issues. Austen does not criticize class consciousness, even though she blames Emma for self-centered class superiority. Knightley is only concerned about the stable maintenance of class distinction through the benevolent care towards lower-class people, which is supported by Austen. On the other hand, Austen maintains an ambiguous position towards `gender` issues. The narrator or author seems to imply her discontent towards the marriage plot resulting in the marriage of Emma to Knightley through the unnatural development of character and events. This is especially evident in the unnaturally sudden transformation of Knightley from a remonstrator and a guardian into an ardent lover of Emma. The narrator or author, however, does not deploy irony towards Emma, who is too anxious to marry Knightley at the risk of sacrificing her independence and aspirations. This is the reason why the narrator in Emma seems to be, at times, unstable and unconvincing.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 제인 오스틴, "에마" 민음사 2012

2 웨인 C. 부쓰, "소설의 수사학" 한신문화사 1987

3 조선정, "『에마』에 나타난 언어, 권력, 공동체의 함수" 영미문학연구회 (15) : 87-115, 2008

4 Finch, Casey, "‘The Tittle-Tattle of Highbury’: Gossip and the Free Indirect Style of Emma" 31 : 1-18, 1990

5 Morini, Massimiliano, "Who Evaluates Whom and What in Jane Austen’s Novels?" 41 (41): 409-437, 2007

6 Kreisel, Deanna K., "Where Does the Pleasure Come From? The Marriage Plot and Its Discontents in Jane Austen’s Emma" 29 : 217-226, 2007

7 Patterson, R. F., "Truth, Certitude, and Stability in Jane Austen’s Fiction" 60 (60): 455-469, 1981

8 Morini, Massimiliano, "The Poetics of Disengagement: Jane Austen and Echoic Irony" 19 (19): 339-356, 2010

9 Austen, Jane. Emma, "Ronald Blythe" Penguin 1985

10 Harbus, Antonina, "Reading Embodied Consciousness in Emma" 51 (51): 765-782, 2011

11 Austin-Bolt, Caroline, "Mediating Happiness: Performances of Jane Austen’s Narrators" 42 : 271-289, 2013

12 Morini, Massimiliano, "Jane Austen’s Narrative Techniques: A Stylistic and Pragmatic Analysis" Ashgate 2009

13 Miller, D. A., "Jane Austen, or The Secret of Style" Princeton UP 2003

14 Waldron, Mary, "Jane Austen and the Fiction of Her Time" Cambridge UP 2000

15 Oberman, Rachel Provenzano, "Fused Voices: Narrated Monologue in Jane Austen’s Emma" 64 (64): 1-15, 2009

16 Gunn, Daniel, "Free Indirect Discourse and Narrative Authority in Emma" 12 (12): 35-54, 2004

17 Wilson, Angus, "Critical Essays on Jane Austen" Routledge and Kegan Paul 182-199, 1968

18 Chen, Stephanie, "Austen’s Narrative Perspective and the Problem of Interpretation in Emma and Persuasion" 32-39, 2014

19 Roulston, Christine, "Ambiguous Discourse: Feminist Narratology and British Women Writers" U of North Carolina P 40-65, 1996