유럽의 정치 지형 우경화와 국제정치적 함의

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Right-wing populism has recently gained momentum in many European countries, presenting a serious challenge to the norms of liberal democracy, governance, and international cooperation in Europe. These populist parties are marked by nationalism, anti-immigrant sentiment, Euroscepticism, and opposition to globalization. They have emerged in the context of growing economic instability and social discontent, positioning themselves as protectors of the masses against corrupt political elites and challenging the existing political order. These parties are making significant gains in both domestic and European elections, exerting considerable influence on European Union politics. They advocate for protectionism, stricter immigration control, and a recalibration of foreign policy, thereby undermining Europe’s diplomatic tradition rooted in freedom, human rights, and the rule of law. The war in Ukraine has exacerbated divisions within the European right: parties in Poland have called for a firm response to Russia, while those in Hungary have taken a more conciliatory stance due to their close ties with Moscow. The EU’s policy shifts due to this rightward turn have important implications for South Korea. Economically, protectionist trends could hinder South Korea’s access to European markets. However, calls to slow down environmental protection measures may give South Korea, which is still developing its climate policies, more time to prepare. Additionally, the EU’s strengthened stance toward containing China could offer strategic advantages to South Korea in both security and economic terms.