동학의 '천주'관 : 영성과 창조성 SPIRITUALITY AND CREATIVITY = THE ULTIMATE BEING(天主) IN DONGHAK

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The view of the ultimate being (天主) in Donghak (Eastern Learning) can be summarized as ‘formless yet existing by its effects’. The term ‘formless’ means a transcendental state free from the phenomenal world of subject and object. In other words, Donghak’s ultimate reality transcends all thought, words and deeds and is therefore neither comprehensible, explainable nor palpable. In Donghak, this state of ‘formless yet existing by its effects’ is also referred to as ‘no distinction between good and evil’ and ‘the ultimate infinite Tao (the true way)’. This seemingly motionless state is not the nothingness of death but can be known by its effects through incessant motion. In short, the ultimate being is creativity itself and infinite motion. In Donghak, the ultimate being is also called "the high Energy of the subtle origin of the universe" or "the way of change through non-action." In that these two concepts comprise the inward and outward of the ultimate reality, Donghak’s view of the ultimate reality can be regarded as dualistic monism. From this perspective of dualistic monism, it naturally follows that all things in the universe were created by the work of the ultimate being and that the ultimate being dwells in all phenomena of the universe. The relation between the ultimate being and human being can also be defined as two separate yet the same one. According to this view, all activities of human beings including acts, speech and thinking are possible thanks to the One ultimate being, which can never be seen but manifests itself by its infinite motion.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. 머리말
• Ⅱ. 본체·현상의 일원론: 不二
• Ⅲ. 본체: 無極大道, 不擇善惡
• Ⅳ. 창조성 자체: 無爲而化, 正示正聞
• Ⅴ. 하나로 돌아감(性心身)