This study investigates how different types of focus-on-form instruction affect L2 learning of English grammatical structure, particularly present perfect. Subjects were divided into four groups who received different types of instruction: rule, input...
This study investigates how different types of focus-on-form instruction affect L2 learning of English grammatical structure, particularly present perfect. Subjects were divided into four groups who received different types of instruction: rule, input enhancement, rule + input enhancement, and input flood. Accuracy of target structures was measured and short-term and long term effects were evaluated. The results showed that subjects with both rule instruction and visual enhancement of input showed higher proficiency than other groups in the short-term. However, the gain did not relate to a better long-term retention. The findings from the present study lead to a question on the role of attention and awareness in the process of second language acquisition.