1930년대 중반 상해(上海) 대학생의 신생활운동(新生活運動)과 군사문화(軍事文化)의 확산 = New Life Movement and the Military Culture of Shanghai University Students in the Mid-1930s

국문 초록 (Abstract)

자치회시기에 접어든 上海의 대학생들은 1930년대 중반 蔣介石이 호소한 신생활운동에 적극적으로 반응하며 참여했다. 학생들의 신생활운동은 1935년 2월을 경계로 두 단계로 파악된다. 제1단계에서 학생들은 교내외에서 신생활운동 조직을 발족하고 이를 바탕으로 선전활동을 전개했으며, 이 과정에서 댄스홀 출입금지 문제는 학생들의 신생활운동을 사회적 이슈로 부상시키기도 했다. 제2단계에서는 三化生活方針에 따라 캠퍼스에서 생활군사화를 구현하는 방식으로 신생활운동을 실천했다. 신생활운동은 초중등학생에게 한정된 것일 뿐이라거나, 염세주의와 낭만주의에 압도되었던 대학생들에게 호소력을 갖지 못했다는 기존의 연구와 평가는 재고될 필요가 있다.上海市 차원의 신생활운동이 上海市 당정기구와 인사들에 의해 주도되었듯이, 학생들의 신생활운동 역시 국민당 CC계 중심의 上海市 당정인사의 영향력 아래서 실천되었다. 따라서 국민정부가 신생활운동의 목적은 전통문화를 활용한 생활개선과 의식개혁으로 민족부흥과 국가건설을 꾀하는데 있다고 선전했지만, 실상은 학교 당국에 의해 통제 관리될 뿐만 아니라 국민당 주도의 국가건설과 蔣介石의 독재 통치를 옹호하는 학생을 창출하고자 하는 데에 있었다. 제2단계의 신생활 운동, 즉 生活軍事化가 각종 규정과 교육과정으로 구체화되고 동시에 캠퍼스 안에 군사문화가 조성되는 가운데 학생들 사이에는 체제 옹호적 분위기가 확산되었다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

University students in Shanghai, who had to change the name student union to student association, enthusiastically responded to and participated in the New Life movement led by Jiang Jieshi in the mid-1930s. The New Life movement, which university students practiced, was divided into two stages before and after February 1935. In the first stage, university students launched a New Life movement-related organization both inside and outside their university. The ban on the entrance to the dance hall raised the student’s New Life Movement as a social issues. In the second stage, students practiced the New Life movement according to the three life practice (Sanhuashenghuo 三化生活) guidelines, which deepened the New Life movement: the militarization of life, the production of life, and the art of life. Given these activities by university students described above, the existing studies and evaluations must be reconsidered, which state that the New Life movement was limited to elementary and middle high students, or that the New Life movement held no appeal to university students overwhelmed by pessimism and romanticism.As the New Life movement in Shanghai was led by the Shanghai government and the party’s organization and personnel, university students’ New Life movement was under the influence of the CC Clique in the Chinese Nationalist Party (Zhongguo Guomindang, GMD). Thus, the purpose of the New Life movement was seemingly to improve living conditions and reform consciousness through the use of traditional culture and to ultimately to revive the people of China and establish a country. In reality, however, it was not only controlled by university authorities, but it was also used to create students who would defend the foundation of a state based on the Three Principles of the People led by the GMD and the dictatorship of Jiang Jieshi. Pro-GMD and regime-advocate university students could emerge in a situation where the second stage of the New Life movement took hold; the militarization of life was implemented with various regulations and curriculums, and militaristic culture was subsequently spreading throughout campuses.