Study on Design Strategies for Revitalizing Former Industrial Piers through Multi Functional Facility Integration

탓원옌 부산대학교 대학원 2025 국내석사

Waterfront revitalization has emerged as an urban development strategy, with global waterfront revitalization cases such as Baltimore’s Inner Harbor and Sydney’s Darling Harbour demonstrating how integrating diverse cultural, recreational, and entertainment facilities, can transform waterfronts into urban hubs. These cases highlight the potential of waterfront spaces as multi-functional destinations catering to residents and visitors. In the case of Busan’s waterfront, despite its strategic location and unique topography, there are waterfront open spaces that remain underutilized due to the lack of facility diversity and limited functionality. This research was initiated based on the framework of analyzing waterfront areas worldwide that have already integrated multi-functional facilities to offer design strategies to guide the revitalization of underutilized waterfront areas. As maritime industries decline, many waterfront piers have become underutilized, prompting cities to rethink their potential. Instead of demolition, there is a growing focus on revitalizing these spaces to preserve their historical value and transform them into urban public hubs. Strategically located near waterscapes, waterfront piers offer unique opportunities for redevelopment into recreational and entertainment spaces that foster community engagement and support urban sustainability. Following the cases of waterfront piers redevelopment, this research analyzed the implementation strategies for multi-functional facilities in the waterfront piers and proposed strategies for revitalizing underutilized and industrial piers. This research employs a two-part methodology to analyze waterfront piers. The first part focuses on the framework of involving public engagement and their needs in early planning stage of waterfront development project. This involves the users' demographic data and facility proportion analysis, examining the characteristics of local populations, such as age distribution, income levels, and occupations, and assessing how these demographics align with the distribution of recreational, dining, and retail spaces within the case studies. The second part analyzes spatial configuration and the connection of circulation and facilities placement in the case studies. To conduct this analysis, Space Syntax is employed as an analytical tool, incorporating convex map and justified graph map analysis to evaluate spatial relationships and integration strategies. The demographic analysis highlights that the success of waterfront piers is closely tied to the characteristics of their surrounding user groups. High-income professionals dominate the user demographics of Pier 17 (New York), influencing the prevalence of fine-dining table-serviced restaurants(90%) and limited counter-serviced restaurants(10%). In Pier 57 (New York) and Pier 57 (Seattle), middle-income groups with younger age distributions favor more casual dining options. Pier 57 (New York) provides table-serviced restaurants(45%), counter-serviced restaurants(19%) and recreational facilities(39%), while Pier 57 (Seattle) serves table-serviced restaurants(59%), counter-serviced restaurants(10%), retail(26%), and recreational facilities(5%). Mixed-income and multi-age users at Pier 39 (San Francisco) align with the balanced distribution of table-serviced restaurants(27%), counter-serviced restaurants (4%), retail(29%) and recreational facilities(40%). These results highlight the significance of implementing facilities that align with the socioeconomic characteristics and age demographics of their key user groups. Space Syntax analysis revealed that the relationship between primary circulation (main pedestrian pathways) and waterfront circulation (paths along the water’s edge) played a pivotal role in spatial integration. Piers with overall well-connected circulation systems, like Pier 17, exhibited high central and waterfront integration values, indicating improved usage possibilities for the waterfront area and its related spaces, including both restaurants and recreational spaces. Waterfront circulation was found to be less integrated in some piers, such as Pier 57 (New York), due to its limited connection to other spaces or key attractions, reducing its role in engaging users. In piers such as Pier 57 (Seattle) and Pier 39, both circulations (primary and waterfront) were well-integrated, creating more dynamic and accessible spaces that encouraged greater interaction between different facility types. In terms of facility placement, small-scale piers like Pier 17 and Pier 57 (Seattle) prioritize quick access to dining services, positioning restaurants at lower depth levels while reserving higher depths for recreational and entertainment facilities. This strategic arrangement offers immediate access to programs. Large-scale piers, such as Pier 39 and Pier 57 New York, exhibit more intricate spatial configurations. At these piers, key attractions are strategically placed at both the lowest and highest depth levels to enhance movements throughout the whole pier area. At Pier 57 New York, retail spaces are concentrated at mid-depth levels, creating a centralized hub of activity. In contrast, Pier 39 distributes restaurants and retail facilities throughout its layout, ensuring movement accessibility across the pier. The recommendations for revitalizing underutilized and industrial waterfront piers emphasize the integration of diverse facilities tailored to local needs, circulation configurations that enhance connectivity to waterfront areas, and strategic facility placement to optimize scenic views and engagement. By adopting these spatial configurations that leverage natural surroundings and strategic placement of facilities, waterfront piers can differentiate themselves from traditional shopping malls, creating multi-functional waterfront spaces that balance urban activity with unique waterscape connections.

A Study of Pohang Canal Restoration Project: Upgrading Downtown Images and Amenities for Activation of Downtown : 포항운하 복원사업에 관한 연구: 도심활성화를 위한 도심 이미지와 어메니티 개선

SEON-A JUNG 한동대학교 대학원 2014 국내석사

As a strategy to revitalize a city, the city of Pohang, in Gyeong-Buk Province, restored a canal that connected existing Dongbin Inner Harbor and Hyeongsan River. This paper evaluates the canal restoration project by taking each elements that were defined by the city within the framework of the project. The elements that were evaluated are on environmental issues, landmark, theme of the project, economics of the project, localism, and public nature of the project. Each of these elements were analyzed and evaluated to find out if the goals of the city were satisfied or not. What was clear through the evaluation, was that restoration of the canal did not foster sustainable environment, and commercialization was proportionally large compared to the public open space; indicating restoration was geared more towards tourists attraction rather than the every day usage by the local residence. Based on the findings, some recommendations were given to alleviate problematic issues and on the issues some of the findings that needed improvements. 포항시는 구도심 활성화를 위한 전략으로 동빈내항과 형산강을 연결하는 운하를 조성하고 주변 지역을 수변유원지로 개발하는 포항운하 복원사업을 시행하였다. 본 연구에서는 도심활성화를 위한 수변공간 개발의 계획요소를 환경성, 랜드마크성, 테마성, 경제성, 지역성, 공공성으로 도출하였고, 이를 바탕으로 포항운하 복원사업을 평가하였다. 포항운하 복원사업의 계획내용이 계획목표를 이루기 위해 적합한가를 각각의 계획요소의 관점에서 분석하고 평가하였다. 평가를 통해 포항운하 복원사업은 환경성 측면에서 지속가능하지 않으며 상업시설에 대한 계획이 공공의 오픈 스페이스보다 크게 계획되어 있고, 지역 주민들의 일상적 이용보다 관광객들을 끌어들이기 위한 개발 계획에 초점이 맞추어져 있다고 판단하였다. 이러한 평가 결과에 근거하여 문제점을 완화하고, 개선하기 위한 향후 개발방향을 제안하였다.

산업항만 이전적지 문화수변 조성방안에 대한 연구 : 인천내항 재개발지역을 대상으로

백현아 서울대학교 대학원 2010 국내석사

도시 수변공간 재생을 위한 도시개발운영 시스템에 관한 연구 : 뉴욕, 토론토, 싱가포르 사례를 중심으로

이보경 서울대학교 대학원 2006 국내석사

도시 수변공간 재활성화의 잠재력 : 이라크 바그다드 Abu-Nuwas 지역 사례연구

Dalya Hikmat Ali Bajilan 중앙대학교 대학원 2021 국내석사

Urban waterfronts are vital components of the urban landscape for cities with such areas, as it contributes to the quality of life in all of the following aspects – economic, social, and cultural. There are many studies around the world in this regard but in Iraq studies on waterfront development are still limited. This study investigated the potential of urban revitalization for waterfronts overseas and how to apply it in a specific area (Abu-Nuwas) in Iraq along Tigris River. The objective of the study is to analyze the current condition of the study area (Abu-Nuwas) and determine the actual needs. This study followed the mixed-methods approach through literature reviews of previous studies and global examples to formulate the indicators then testing it by using a survey with experts (N=62) and analyze the results using the descriptive statistics, ANOVA of SPSS. The results showed that Abu-Nuwas has characteristics that enable it to be an attractive destination if it is developed according to the regulations. The experts also supported the indicators found by the study. 경제, 사회, 문화적 측면의 삶의 질에 기여하는 도시 수변공간 (waterfront)은 도시경관의 핵심 구성요소이다. 이와 관련하여 전 세계적으로 많은 연구가 있어왔지만 이라크에서는 수변개발에 대한 연구가 여전히 미진한 실정이다. 이 연구는 해외 사례연구를 통해 도시 수변공간의 도시 활성화 잠재력을 고찰하고, 이를 이라크 티그리스(Tigris) 강변의 Abu-Nuwas 지역에 적용하기 위한 방안을 도출한다. 또한, Abu-Nuwas 지역의 현재 상태를 분석하고 실제 요구 사항을 파악하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 이를 위해 본 연구에서는 정량-정성 혼합 연구방법론을 적용한다. 우선, 선행연구 검토와 글로벌 사례연구를 통해 지표를 도출하고 전문가 설문 조사를 통해 이를 검증한다. 다음으로 ANOVA분석을 활용하여 응답자 특성에 따른 지표 선호도를 비교 분석한다. 연구결과, Abu-Nuwas지역이 규제에 따라 개발될 경우 매력적인 방문지가 될 수 있는 특성을 가지고 있음을 확인하였다. 전문가들 또한 연구에서 찾은 지표에 동의했다.

(The) potential of urban waterfront revitalization : a case study of Abu-nuwas in Baghdad, Iraq

Bajilan, Dalya Hikmat Ali 중앙대학교 대학원 2021 국내석사