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This study aims to analyze the development features of urban design area. In particular, residential districts of the New Town, Dun-san which were analyzed in terms of direction to build up the city landscape that focuses on a comfortable residential environment and highlights the image of a natural garden areas. We will look at the individual housing area nearly completed to see if it fits the fundamental direction of a detailed plan, and includes a counterplan or the best problem-solving direction based on this research. We hope to use this study as one of the materials for a new urban planning, The following is the contents of this study. First of all, in chapter 2, through considering theories of a new city, it is expected to expand not only the understanding of DunSan's patterns and classification, but also the use of a fundamental materials for problems and results obtained by analyzing the related laws practically applied and setting the standards. Chapter 3 is for a comprehensive explanation of a hands-on survey of the Dun-San area. In Chapter 4, there are a location and section of a single residential area, the status quo of a regional distribution. Here are also detailed plans which were used and the summary of related laws. In addition, the better suggestion for a remedy and the predictions of problems with this research on the actual state of a present developed individual housing area are also included. It should be noted that using this survey process leads to problems only in evaluating the development project of a new urban city. The most important thing is that can be used to obtain good materials which can help the next development plan to be better than the previous one through the use of a trial and error in tile past. In summary, this is the description of suggested points to the policy and a new description for improvement referring to the survey results of a individual housing area. 1. The consistency of policy and the efficient functioning of management must be improved by making tile authorities of a city planning, an implementing, and an implementer of business into a singular unit. 2. It is necessary not only to subdivide the related laws are suitable to the current status and trends but also to enforce the restrictions. 3. The efficiency and feasibility of an investment need to he improved by accepting the laws of an insurance for damages and incentives actively. 4. The contents of existing enforcement guidelines for building, for the front vacant land and for the guide to the related parking lot, should be extended to include to the areas of a space between each buildings. This is a very unique function of urban design; the making of a space for houses, and the creative image that reflects the regional features. 5. Because of the excessive detailed planning or the plane approach in the aspect of plan, the planning level should be improved in the rational guide not only by not trespassing on the original area of architecture planning, but also by inspecting the relationship between constructions of the three-dimensional space and other related laws. It is indispensible for the owner of a building, the constructor, the related officials and all of the public, not only to need new perceptions of making a comfortable residential environment and an environment of architecture but also to make the best efforts not to be ignorant of the environment.
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Zoning for city center urban design : a comparative study of Korean and American cities
This study focuses on zoning for downtown urban design. It examines whether the zoning is responsive to urban design issues and by comparing zoning within downtown areas of American cities and Korean cities. While two Korean cities – Seoul and Incheon - are selected to study because they recognize issues in downtown areas and put planning efforts, two American cities - New York and San Francisco – are selected to study because these two cities solved their planning issues and achieved high urban design quality. Analyzing size, shape, number, and contents of zoning by each layer, this study will provide implications for Korean cities how to prepare a downtown plan that achieves high urban design quality. This study proves that it is common that four studied cities have plans that addresses downtown urban design issues, but the zoning of Seoul and Incheon do not address downtown urban design issue while the zoning of New York City and San Francisco recognize downtown as a planning unit and achieved high urban design quality through downtown planning. The zoning of San Francisco and New York City identify downtown area at the base and the first overlay zoning layer, and the downtown zoning districts state planning goals and objectives contain urban design elements to achieve their planning goals and objectives. The downtown zoning is divided into various subareas that contain detail urban design elements to address complicated planning issues in downtown areas. The zoning of the Korea cities do not identify downtown rather it treats the area as a single entity. The contents of the zoning districts are not area-specific but area-blind and do not include detail urban design elements. The intent of this study is not for arguing that the Korean cities should follow American downtown zoning system but is to prove that zoning in the Korean downtowns is less responsive to the downtown regeneration plan than zoning in the American downtown. Responsive downtown zoning implies zoning that identifies downtown as a special planning unit with its own planning goals and objectives, subdivided into various areas and districts to address complex issues, and includes urban design elements in the zoning contents.
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After the introduction of urban design, the creation of urban design provision in Building Code 8-2, January 1980, have changed the circumstance of urban design during about 20 years. In urban design, "the Special Zoning District(SZD)", the narrow scope of urban design, was involved in our programme so it has been operated without exact definitions and proper processes and there is another similar programme which was defined in Building Code in 1992. But there are numerous views and directions about applications of it, so the concept of SZD is not settled. Under the circumstance, the purpose of this study is to analyze the past numerous aspects of urban design and the meanings of the past SZD programme in order to established the exact definition and proper applications, and to analyze the result and problem of SZD as comparing urban design status following regulation substance by urban design guidelines and it's applications. This study is consists of following five parts. The first part reviews the concept and general characteristics of SZD and theoretical background on the urban design guidelines, urban design regulations and control elements. In the second part, author inspects that what role did play and what contents did contain the zoning and the urban design, by means of case studies which have American and Japanese urban planning system and related urban design institution. In the third, the case study of 10 cases (Seoul-Jamsil, Seoul-Teheranro, KOEX, near Kangnam Station, Seoul-Daehakro, Yulgokro, Sungnam-Bundang, Koyang-Ilsan, Pusan-Haeundae, Anyang-Pyungchon, etc.), has been analyzed in terms of guidelines contents factors and urban design process. And the last part of this study evaluations the result of the comparisons and then suggests the future study. The result of this study are as follows; 1) Special Zoning District in urban design regulation: The purpose of SZD can be as follows even though the methods are difference. ① Reserve the land which is difficult to predict the development phase, ② To build public land in historical and cultural site, ③ To attract specific land use in terms of urban design, ④ Reconsider the urban design later if the site has a great impact to the neighborhood. 2) Urban design process of Special Zoning District: SZD has a difference method compared with general urban design methods which rigid guidelines. It can have a flexibility considering the characteristics of land and the aim of development which can't deal with in the process. This flexibility can be beneficial since land owners and the size of are small. 3) Urban design guidelines in Special Zoning District: SZD has two parts of guidelines. Urban design guidelines after the programme district is pointed, detailed guideline after it was defined. When the district was settled, it must have directions of development and purpose of urban design in order to know the contexts of urban design to the future developer and the guidelines should have constant control to keep the continuity.
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The purpose of this study is to analyze the result and problem of urban design as comparing urban design status following regulation substance by urban design guidelines and it's application. To research of this study, five representative new towns as Bundang in Seongnam, Peyongchon in Anyang, Sanbon in Gunpo, Dunsan in Daejeon, Haeundae in Busan are selected. These cities are commonly developed around the early 1990s in Korea. This study is consisted of three parts as theoretical study, general case study, and specific case study. The first part of this study reviews theoretical backgorund on the urban design guidelines, urban design regulations and control elements. The second part shows the result of comparative analysis between the control substance and the implementation of development in urban design. Main contents of analysis contain boundary of applications, presentational method of regulations, types of regulation, degree of regulatin, type of incentive, exceptional items, similarity of regulation content, and degree of observance for regulation. Through the above main parts, the problems of urban design can be categorized in four types. The first type is related on the degree of regulation; it contains shared-wall, roof, building direction, screen wall, screen shutter, and finishing method of wall surface. The second is the regulation standard, which contains floor area ratio, building height, land use, color, parking, and vehicular entrance. The third is management in usage, which contains private signs, open space of building front, open space of building-to-building, pedestrian path, arcade, and vehicular path. The fourth is the implementation of control elements, which contains harmony of existed building, root garden, and fence. The last part of this study analyzes the inter-relationship between visual objectives of urban design and control elements. Visual characterstics which related on urban design objectives are obtained as continuity, identity, amenity, activity, and publicity. Control elements, which is to support visual characteristics are as below: ·Control element for continuity: shared-wall development, height, building limitation, building line, open space of building front, roof, and arcade ·Control elements for identity: shared-wall development, Building height, Building line, Building direction, and Roof ·Control element for amenity: Open space of building front, shield landscape, public landscape, roof garden, and pedestrian path ·Control element for activity: Building direction, open space of building front, pedestrian path, arcade, and public landscape ·Control element for publicity: Open space of building front, public open space, and public landscape From the above research and analysis, we can conclude that a control element covers not only a specific single goal but also various others. Based on the survey of actual development status in detail, The supporting effect of a control element for the goal does not appear similarly. On the center of above mentined control elements, it analyzes the development characteristics in the degree of supporting for the goal. As a conclusion, this study proposes the basic ways of improvement and suggestions. *A thesis submitted to the committee of Graduate School, Chungnam National University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Engineering Conferred in February 2001.
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地區單位計劃에서의 建築物 用途規制에 관한 硏究 : 濟州市 탑동 都市設計地域과 일도 詳細計劃地域을 中心으로
강군완 제주대학교 산업대학원 2001 국내석사
The existing zoning for land use shows the defects that it not only can't solve fundamentally the problems of deteriorating the environmental quality due to the unreasonable arrangement, but it also doesn't match the facilities and their uses of buildings, not accommodating the type of business required for the district. The regulation of building use as a technique for urban design is supposed to improve the urban function and appearance and to enhance the effectiveness of utilization of land by itemizing and designating building uses in the district. Accordingly, the aim of the study is to provide data on the regulation of building use for district unit plan by analyzing the problems of the regulations for urban design area of Tap-Dong and detailed plan area of Ildo in Jeju City and presenting some comprehensive countermeasures. The problems can be summarized as follows; 1. The designated use in a certain district is purpose for promoting the investments, but it doesn't play its role successfully owing to poor private investments. 2. Allowance and disallowance of use doesn't overcome the limit of the existing zoning for land use because it uniformly control the whole district regardless of the type of each block in the development district. 3. The building use applied to the sides of principal roads has a bad effect on the appearance of the roads and brings about the disharmony of mixing ill-set-facade business buildings and parking-induction business buildings within a block. 4. Over-allowance of commercial uses can be an obstruction to the residential environment, and a cause not to restrict educational-destructive uses near schools. The countermeasures are proposed as follows; 1. The use in a certain lot should be designated for the reliable occupancy which is related to the type of that lot. 2. In controlling building use, the disallowance should be subdivided or minimized in order not to suppress the desire to develop the given district, while the allowance should support the original development plan. 3. Along the principal roads, the sizes and uses of buildings should be effectively allocated consistently with the character of each road, which can lead to reasonable plan of land use. 4. The plan of land use should be to subdivide the whole district according to proper uses, not to uniform one and to restrict education-destructive uses near schools. 5. From the outset of the development planning, the mandatory regulation should be set, which can back up the character of the district and restrict deviations from the development purposes.
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