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Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis for Subtyping of Listeria monocytogenes
Jang, Sung-Sik,Fleet, Graham H.,Cox, Julian M. The Korean Society for Applied Biological Chemistr 2005 Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry (J. Appl. Vol.48 No.2
Listeria monocytogenes is a high-risk foodborne pathogen responsible for foodborne listeriosis outbreaks, and is particularly dangerous to immuno-compromised people with mortality rate of about 30%. This review summarizes subtyping of L. monocytogenes using Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis, widely used to trace origin of foodborne outbreaks and to determine relationship between isolates.
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Five polymorphisms and breast cancer risk: results from the Breast Cancer Association Consortium.
Gaudet, Mia M,Milne, Roger L,Cox, Angela,Camp, Nicola J,Goode, Ellen L,Humphreys, Manjeet K,Dunning, Alison M,Morrison, Jonathan,Giles, Graham G,Severi, Gianluca,Baglietto, Laura,English, Dallas R,Cou American Association for Cancer Research 2009 Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention Vol.18 No.5
<P>Previous studies have suggested that minor alleles for ERCC4 rs744154, TNF rs361525, CASP10 rs13010627, PGR rs1042838, and BID rs8190315 may influence breast cancer risk, but the evidence is inconclusive due to their small sample size. These polymorphisms were genotyped in more than 30,000 breast cancer cases and 30,000 controls, primarily of European descent, from 30 studies in the Breast Cancer Association Consortium. We calculated odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) as a measure of association. We found that the minor alleles for these polymorphisms were not related to invasive breast cancer risk overall in women of European descent: ECCR4 per-allele OR (95% CI) = 0.99 (0.97-1.02), minor allele frequency = 27.5%; TNF 1.00 (0.95-1.06), 5.0%; CASP10 1.02 (0.98-1.07), 6.5%; PGR 1.02 (0.99-1.06), 15.3%; and BID 0.98 (0.86-1.12), 1.7%. However, we observed significant between-study heterogeneity for associations with risk for single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in CASP10, PGR, and BID. Estimates were imprecise for women of Asian and African descent due to small numbers and lower minor allele frequencies (with the exception of BID SNP). The ORs for each copy of the minor allele were not significantly different by estrogen or progesterone receptor status, nor were any significant interactions found between the polymorphisms and age or family history of breast cancer. In conclusion, our data provide persuasive evidence against an overall association between invasive breast cancer risk and ERCC4 rs744154, TNF rs361525, CASP10 rs13010627, PGR rs1042838, and BID rs8190315 genotypes among women of European descent.</P>
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