디지털 무역규범의 국제적 논의에 관한 연구

황지현,김용일,Hwang, Ji-Hyeon,Kim, Yong-Il 중소기업융합학회 2021 융합정보논문지 Vol.11 No.10

With the spread of digital trade, the share of digital trade under the global trade environment is increasing. However, since there is no international digital trade standard, the discussion to establish a new trade rule has important significance. Countries around the world are implementing digital trade policies in consideration of their own interests, but different regulatory policies are causing trade conflicts. In order to provide safeguards against personal information infringement due to the free movement of data across borders, major countries around the world have taken measures to localize data, and the EU has enacted GDPR. And the United States regards the imposition of the digital tax as a trade barrier, and some countries oppose the implementation of the digital tax for fear of negative impact on their countries. However, discussions on the global digital tax, centered on the OECD and the G20 are making progress. As it is highly likely that a digital tax agreement will be drawn up within this year, countermeasures must also be prepared. Therefore, this study presents implications for the future direction of Korea's trade policy by examining recent trends in digital trade norms and analyzing major issues in digital trade.

대학시설계획과 소요판단방법

황지현,Hwang, Ji-Hyeon 대한건축사협회 1987 建築士 Vol.1987 No.4

대학시설의 관리방향

황지현,Hwang, Ji-Hyeon 한국대학교육협의회 1984 大學敎育 Vol.12 No.-

대학도서관의 시설계획

황지현,Hwang, Ji-Hyeon 대한건축사협회 1987 建築士 Vol.1987 No.5

국제투자분쟁에서 예외조항과 긴급피난의 관계에 관한 연구 - 아르헨티나의 ICSID 중재사례를 중심으로 -

황지현(Ji-Hyeon HWANG),김용일(Yong-Il KIM) 한국무역상무학회 2021 貿易商務硏究 Vol.92 No.-

아르헨티나의 국제투자분쟁 사건은 유사한 사실관계하에서 중재판정부가 투자협정상의 예외조항과 국제관습법상의 긴급피난을 어떻게 해석하고 적용하는지에 따라 상이한 판정이 내려졌기에 중요한 의의를 가진다. 그러므로 본 연구는 아르헨티나의 ICSID 중재사례를 분석함으로써 국제투자협정상의 예외조항과 국제관습법상의 긴급피난과의 관계에 대하여 살펴보고자 한다. 아르헨티나가 경제위기를 극복하기 위해 취한 일련의 조치를 투자협정에 규정된 예외조항으로 볼 수 있는지를 검토하고, 투자협정상의 예외조항과 국제관습법상의 긴급피난 관계에 대하여 중재 판정부의 해석 및 적용 기준을 고찰함으로써 시사점을 도출하고자 한다. Argentina"s cases of international investment disputes are significant. Because under similar facts, the arbitral tribunal made different decisions depending on how the arbitral tribunal interprets and applies the exception clause under international investment agreement and the necessity under customary international law. When an international investment dispute arises due to a series of measures taken for public purposes in an emergency situation, the host state seeks to defend by citing the exception clause or the necessity. The exception clause and the necessity differ in content and function. The exception clause under international investment agreement recognizes the policy discretion of the host state. And by excluding the application of the obligations under investment agreement, it allows the host state to take measures that are inconsistent with the obligations under investment agreement. The Necessity under customary international law can separate the illegality from the illegal activity of the state, subject to strict requirements. Therefore, the exception clause under international investment agreement and the necessity under customary international law should be approached as separate defenses, each with its own requirements. In interpreting the exception clause under international investment agreement, the necessity under customary international law can be applied supplementarily. However, it should be noted that it may be supplemented by other analytical methods as a matter of interpretation.

국제투자분쟁에서 공정·공평 대우에 관한 ICSID 중재사례 연구

황지현(Ji Hyeon HWANG) 한국무역상무학회 2016 貿易商務硏究 Vol.71 No.-

In determining the content of the FET standard, the tribunals stated protection of investor’s legitimate expectations, due process and denial of justice, transparency, discrimination and arbitrariness, good faith, etc. The most major elements of the FET standard is the protection of the investor’s legitimate and reasonable expectations. It is necessary to considerwhether it is possible towhat the expectations of investors are protected as legitimate and it is formed under any circumstances. If host state frustrate investor’s legitimate expectations, it found a breach of the FET. The host state’s specific assurance may reinforce investor’s expectations, but such explicit statement is not always necessary. The host statemust preserve a stable environment for investments.However, Itmust not be understoodas the inalterability of the host state’s legal framework. It implies that the host state’s subsequent changes should bemade consistently and predictably. The host state is entitled to exercise a reasonable regulatory authority to respond to changing circumstances in the public purpose. Therefore,whether the violation FET shall be determined through a balanced against the investor’s legitimate expectations and the host state’s reasonable regulatory exercise in the public interest. And investor should keep inmind that the principle of proportionality is applied unless host state provides stabilization clause or similar commitments to investor. Also host state should establish the basis of an argument about reasonable regulatory authority for public interest.

석회석 슬러리에서의 탈질 개선을 위한 아민 첨가제의 영향

황지현(Ji Hyeon Hwang),조인아(In Ah Cho),정지은(Ji Eun Jeong),이창용(Chang Yong Lee) 한국환경에너지공학회 2022 한국열환경공학회 학술대회지 Vol.2022 No.1

발전소나 보일러를 사용함에 따라 끊임없이 배출되는 SO₂와 NOₓ는 주요 대기 오염물질로 산성비와 광화학 스모그 등의 환경 문제를 유발하고, 인체에 부정적인 영향을 미치기 때문에 엄격한 규제가 필요하다. 현재 SO₂와 NOₓ에 대한 규제가 강화됨에 따라 높은 탈황 및 탈질을 위해 많은 연구가 이루어지고 있으며, 그중 습식 공정에서의 SO₂와 NO₂ 동시 흡수가 많이 진행되고 있다. 동시 흡수는 불용성인 NO를 NO₂로 산화시켜 SO₂와 함께 흡수시키는 기술이다. 하지만 높은 제거 성능을 보이는 SO₂에 비해 NO₂는 낮은 제거 성능을 보이기 때문에 NO₂의 흡수율을 높일 수 있는 연구가 필요한 상황이다. 본 연구에서는 WFGD 공정에서 가장 많이 사용되는 흡수제인 석회석 슬러리를 기반으로 기포탑에서 S아와 N아의 동시 흡수를 진행했다. 또한 아민 첨가제가 미치는 탈질 효율과 SO₂, NO₂와의 반응을 분석하였다.

ICSID 중재의 물적 관할에 관한 연구

황지현(Ji-Hyeon HWANG),장은희(Eun-Hee JANG) 한국무역상무학회 2018 貿易商務硏究 Vol.79 No.-

The ICSID Convention stipulates the need for investment, but does not specify the definition of investment, so there is much controversy over the scope of investment. Therefore, this study considers the meaning and scope of investment required to establish jurisdiction over ICSID Convention Article 25 focusing on ICSID cases. Many Arbitral Tribunal judges that the interpretation of the investment satisfies the requirements such as the a contribution of money or assets, an element of risk, a certain duration, a contribution to the economic development of the host state. In interpreting the investment, it is desirable to consider the general meaning of the investment under the ICSID Convention, the definition of the investment specified under the BIT, and the meaning of the investment under the general principles of law in international law. If the scope of the investment is broadly defined under the BIT, the scope of the investment in the ICSID Convention should be broadly interpreted accordingly. However, there is a view that even if the scope of investment in the BIT is broadly defined, the investment in Article 25 of the ICSID Convention should be interpreted in a general sense, and the ICSID Convention does not apply to a wider investment beyond this. In relation to the legality of the investment, only the investment that meets the laws and regulations of the host state is protected, and the illegal investment in violation does not constitute the jurisdiction of the arbitral tribunal. Many arbitral tribunals consider legitimacy to be an important element of investment.

알루미나 졸과 아크릴레이트 단량체를 이용한 UV경화형 유-무기 하이브리드 하드코팅 막 제조

황지현 ( Ji Hyeon Hwang ),송기창 ( Gi Chang Song ) 한국화학공학회 2011 Korean Chemical Engineering Research(HWAHAK KONGHA Vol.49 No.3

In this study, UV-curing type organic-inorganic hybrid hard coating solutions were prepared from alumina sols and acrylate monomers. The mixture of alumina sols, prepared from aluminum isopropoxide, and a silane coupling agent, methacryloxypropyl trimethoxysilane(MPTMS), was used as an inorganic component. Also, the mixture of acrylate monomers, pentaerythritol triacrylate(PETA), 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate(HDDA) and dipentaerythritol hexaacrylate (DPEHA), was used as an organic component. The organic-inorganic hybrid coating solutions were obtained by mixing the inorganic component and organic component, deposited on polycarbonate substrates by spin coating and densified by UV-curing. The effect of the amount of MPTMS in the inorganic component and the irradiation time during UV-curing was studied on the properties of coating films. As a result, when 0.20 mole of MPTMS was used, the pencil hardness of coated films showed an excellent pencil hardness of 3H and also exhibited a good abrasion resistance of 2% in haze.

제품 자율성에 따른 제품의 공간적 지시 방향이 상품 평가에 미치는 영향

황지현 ( Hwang Ji Hyeon ),이연위 ( Li Ranwei ),이재영 ( Lee Young Jae ) 한국소비자학회 2020 소비자학연구 Vol.31 No.5

This study has verified that the effect of product evaluation on the right/left direction of a product is determined by the product autonomy and has subsequently identified the psychological mechanism. Our study conducts two experiments, and the results were summarized as follows. The product evaluation depends on the product autonomy, and in the case of left direction of a product, it had a higher rating than right direction of a product. These results are explained by two different types of psychological mechanisms. First, the temporal focus of consumers depends on the left and right direction of the product. In other words, for products facing left(right), the temporal focus was in the past(future). Second, the direction of the product affects consumers' desire for control. In other words, in the case of left(right) direction of product, the subjects showed a higher (low) desire for control. This study gives practical meaning to the fact that the left and right direction of the product according to the product autonomy have identified the effect on product evaluation, and in-depth analysis of the accompanying psychological mechanism has provided an important framework. It is intended to establish communication strategies for visual displays based on product characteristics and psychological mechanisms.