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LEGAL FRAMEWORK TO SUPPORT THE NORTHEAST ASIA SUPERGRID PROJECT
장창선,김민철 동아대학교 법학연구소 2018 國際去來와 法 Vol.- No.21
This paper studies on the current situation analysis of supergrid and the related laws that should be considered to overcome the current problems Northeast Asia facing, such as energy security and environment problems. First of all, we can secure the electricity supply if countries could share electricity using the fact that the time for electricity use greatly varies among countries. Also, construction of a supergrid would enable us to acquire various energy sources making it possible to overcome the energy price disadvantage that the gas price in Asia is more expensive than in North America or Europe. Besides, there will be additional effects resulting from related technologies’ development. From the energy supply security point of view, it will be helpful for peace in Northeast Asia as well. Next, we examined the international law related to trade of electricity for designing of supergrid in Northeast Asia. The automatic and unconditional most-favoured national (MFN) treatment obligation on GATT Article I, and the national treatment (NT) obligation in GATT Article III fully apply to trade in relation to electricity. International law and each country’s municipal law should direct appropriately to supergrid. Also, we reviewed the applicability of ECT for international law framework establishment in energy sector including supergrid. The ECT provisions focus on both free trade in energy materials, products and energy-related equipment, based on GATT/WTO rules and freedom of energy transit through pipelines and grids. It is essential to fully use the ECT potential to the advantage of participating member and observer States of NEA for energy cooperation through ECT.
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LEGAL FRAMEWORK TO SUPPORT THE NORTHEAST ASIA SUPERGRID PROJECT
JANG, CHANG SUN(장창선),KIM, MIN CHUL(김민철) 동아대학교 법학연구소 2018 國際去來와 法 Vol.- No.21
This paper studies on the current situation analysis of supergrid and the related laws that should be considered to overcome the current problems Northeast Asia facing, such as energy security and environment problems. First of all, we can secure the electricity supply if countries could share electricity using the fact that the time for electricity use greatly varies among countries. Also, construction of a supergrid would enable us to acquire various energy sources making it possible to overcome the energy price disadvantage that the gas price in Asia is more expensive than in North America or Europe. Besides, there will be additional effects resulting from related technologies’ development. From the energy supply security point of view, it will be helpful for peace in Northeast Asia as well. Next, we examined the international law related to trade of electricity for designing of supergrid in Northeast Asia. The automatic and unconditional most-favoured national (MFN) treatment obligation on GATT Article I, and the national treatment (NT) obligation in GATT Article III fully apply to trade in relation to electricity. International law and each country’s municipal law should direct appropriately to supergrid. Also, we reviewed the applicability of ECT for international law framework establishment in energy sector including supergrid. The ECT provisions focus on both free trade in energy materials, products and energy-related equipment, based on GATT/WTO rules and freedom of energy transit through pipelines and grids. It is essential to fully use the ECT potential to the advantage of participating member and observer States of NEA for energy cooperation through ECT.
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최창선,장석태,Choe, Chang-Seon,Jang, Seok-Tae 한국방위산업진흥회 1992 國防과 技術 Vol.- No.155
유도무기는 개발에서 폐기까지 최소한 십년 이상이 소요되는 장기사업이며, 현재 전자파 환경이 급속히 복잡, 강력화 되는 추세일 뿐만아니라 적의 기만전술인 전자파 대항 기법의 발전추세를 비추어 볼때, 실로 장기적인 안목에서 대처해야 할 것이다. 특히 전기기폭장치(EED)의 오작동시 미칠 영향을 고려한다면, 전자파에 대한 안전을 최대한 강구해야함은 물론 상대적으로 낙후되어 있는 전자파 시험평가시설 및 기술의 선진화가 추진되어야 할 것이다
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글라이드스코프(Glidescope®)를 사용한 기관 삽관 시 성문부 노출 방법에 따른 삽관 성공률 및 소요 시간
장형서,박준범,오재훈,김창선,최혁중,강보승,임태호,강형구 대한중환자의학회 2013 Acute and Critical Care Vol.28 No.4
Background: The glottis can be exposed by a Glidescope® during endotracheal intubation using either the epiglottis or valleculae elevation method. We compared the epiglottis and valleculae elevation methods for endotracheal intubations performed with a Glidescope® using differences in success rate, time spent for tracheal intubation and percent of glottic opening. Methods: Forty medical students without experience using a Glidescope® participated in this prospective, randomized study in which they intubated a tracheal tube into a manikin. All participants performed tracheal intubation using the 2 forementioned methods. Twenty students exposed the vocal cord by placing the blade tip in the valleculae (valleculae elevation method; VEM). The other 20 students directly elevated the epiglottis with the blade (epiglottis elevation method; EEM). We separated intubating time into 3 parts: turnaround time to exposing the vocal cord, tube passing time and first ventilating time. Results: The success rate of tracheal intubation using VEM (86.7%, 104/120) was higher than that using EEM (65.8%, 79/120) (p <0.001). VEM resulted in a lower total intubation time (VEM vs. EEM, 23.5 ± 5.3 vs. 29.0 ± 8.7, p = 0.001). The key factor of this difference was the tube passing time (VEM vs. EEM, 7.4 ± 2.5 vs. 12.8 ± 7.4, p < 0.001). Conclusions: Exposing the vocal cord by using VEM during tracheal intubation with a Glidescope® can increase the success rate of tracheal intubation and shorten the time of endotracheal intubation in novices.
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Comparison of the of McGrath? MAC, Glidescope? Ranger and Macintosh laryngoscopes: a manikin study
김원희,조용일,장형서,김창선,강보승,임태호,최혁중 대한응급의학회 2013 대한응급의학회 학술대회초록집 Vol.2013 No.2
Background: McGrath? MAC is one of the latest developed videolaryngoscope. McGrath? MAC has not only several advantages such as small and portable size, user-friendly form that it`s handle is similar to direct laryngoscope and combined with monitor but also disadvantages such as poor picture quality and vulnerability to fogging. A few reports have indicated that McGrath? series 5 which was the early form of McGrath? MAC was inferior than an another similar form of videolaryngoscope called Glidescope?. As a result, McGrath? series 5 has not been recommended to inexperienced intubator. McGrath? MAC was modified to overcome disadvantages of McGrath? series 5 and there has been few studies for influences of improvement to intubator performance. The aim of this study was to compare McGrath? MAC with Glidescope? Ranger and Macintosh laryngoscope for efficiency assessment of MacGrath? MAC in novices. Methods: Forty medical students without previous experiences for intubation performed tracheal intubations in a randomised order with one of three laryngoscopes. Every participants performed five intubation attempts in an airway simulator (Laerdal? Airway Management Trainer) with a normal airway and subsequent five intubation attempts in a simulated difficult airway situation using neck collar on each device. They performed intubations twice more with other laryngoscopes at five weeks intervals. Novices enrolled in this study had ten intubation attempts on each laryngoscope and performed thirty intubations totally for ten weeks. The intubation time, glottic view and success rate for endotracheal intubation were evaluated. Data for the rate of successful intubation, intubation time and glottic view were analysed using a repeated measures ANOVA and a Bonferroni post-test. An independent t-test was performed for comparison of three devices on each attempt. Results: The rate for successful intubation of McGrath? MAC was equal to Glidescope? Ranger and Macintosh laryngoscopes in both normal and difficult airway environments (respectively p=0.05 and p=0.522). The time for successful intubation of three devices shortened with increasing number of intubation attempts in both of airway environments (p=0.000). The intubation time of McGrath? MAC was also equal to Glidescope? Ranger and Macintosh laryngoscopes in both normal and difficult airway environments (respectively p=0.183 and p=0.515). The glottic view of McGrath? MAC was equal to Glidescope? Ranger (respectively p=0.992, 1.000, 1.000, 1.000, 1.000 in normal airway and p=1.000, 0.243, 0.596, 0.874, 1.000 in difficult airway) and superior to Macintosh laryngoscope (all p=0.000) on each attempt in both of airway environments. Conclusion: The rate for successful intubation and intubation time with McGrath? MAC in novices were equal to Glidescope? Ranger and Macintosh laryngoscope. Novices achieved a significantly better glottic view with McGrath? MAC than Macintosh laryngoscope regardless of airway environments.
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