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임태준(Tae-Jun Lim),김기인(Ki-In Kim),박진면(Jin-Myeon Park),노재승(Jae-Seung Noh) 한국토양비료학회 2013 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.46 No.2
Vegetables production in greenhouse are typically intensely managed with high inputs of fertilizers and irrigation water, which increases the risk of ground-water nitrate contamination. In 2010 and 2011, a study was conducted to determine the appropriate depth of soil moisture sensor for automatic irrigation control to use water and nitrogen efficiently under subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) systems. The irrigation line for SDI placed 30 cm below soil surface and tensiometer was used as soil moisture sensor. Three tensiometer treatments placed at 10 (SDI-T10), 20 (SDI-T20) and 30 cm (SDI-T30) depths below soil surface under SDI. These are also compared to SUR-T20 treatment where tensiometer placed at 20 cm below soil surface under surface drip irrigation (SUR) systems. The growth of cucumber was not statistically different between SUR and SDI without SDI-T30 treatment. Fruit yields (Mg/ha) were 57.0 and 56.9 (SDI-T10), 56.0 and 60.5 (SDI-T20), 40.9 and 41.2 (SDI-T30) and 56.6 and 54.3 (SUR-T20) for 2010 and 2011, respectively. Slightly higher total yield was observed in tensiometer placed 20 cm below the soil surface, although no significant differences were found between SDI-T10 and SDI-T20 under SDI treatments. In addition, nitrogen application rates and daily irrigation rates were lowest in SDI-T20 compared with other SDIs and SUR treatments. Nitrogen and daily irrigation application under SDI-T20 was lower than that under SUR-T20 by 6.0%. These findings suggested tensiometer 20 cm depth under SDI systems was best for cucumber production in greenhouse.
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Devarda’s alloy 첨가가 축산분뇨 액비의 총 질소 및 무기태 질소 정량에 미치는 영향
임태준(Tae-Jun Lim),김기인(Ki-In Kim),박진면(Jin-Myeon Park),이성은(Seong-Eun Lee),노재승(Jae-Seung Noh),홍순달(Soon-Dal Hong) 한국토양비료학회 2012 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.45 No.2
가축분뇨 액비 중의 총 질소함량이 많고 적음에 관계없이 일정부분 질산태 질소의 형태로 존재하며 특히 질소의 농도가 낮은 저농도 액비의 경우 질산태 질소의 농도에 따라 총 질소 함량이 달라질 수 있다. 이를 개선하기 위한 방법으로 가축분뇨 액비 총 질소의 분석 시 액비의 황산 분해 후에 devarda’s alloy를 첨가하면 액비에 포함되어있는 질산태 질소까지 정량할 수 있기 때문에 총 질소 정량을 효과적으로 할 수 있는 장점이 있다. Liquid livestock manure (LLM) has been used as a nitrogen fertilizer source for horticulture plants. LLM contains organic nitrogen (N), ammonium, nitrate, and nitrite. The amount of nitrate and nitrite in LLM are usually small compared to the amount of ammonium in it and so they can be negligible if total nitrogen (N) concentration in LLM is higher than 1,000 mg L<SUP>-1</SUP>. However, if total N concentration in LLM is less than 1,000 mg L<SUP>-1</SUP>, the amount of nitrate and nitrite may affect total N concentration in LLM. Currently, Kjeldahl digestion method is mainly used for ammonium-N in LLM. Therefore, it is ineffective to analyze nitrate-N and nitrite-N. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether the total N concentrations are affected by the amount of nitrate-N and nitrite-N with diverse LLMs by Kjeldahl method (with and without Devarda’ alloy after Conc. sulfuric acid digestion). Five liquid livestock manure samples were collected at swine farms in Ansung and Icheon. All LLM samples were stored at 25℃, subsampled at every 15th day for 90 days, and analyzed for total N, ammonium-N, and nitrate-N. At the 90th day, LLM samples were analyzed with and without Devarda’ alloy after Conc. sulfuric acid digestion. Potassium nitrate, ammonium nitrate, and ammonium chloride were used to determine the N recovery percentages. Total N concentration ranged from 560 to 4,230 mg L<SUP>-1</SUP>. Nitrate-Ns were found in all LLM samples, ranged from 21 to 164 mg L<SUP>-1</SUP>. N recovery percentages with potassium nitrate were 0 % without Devarda’ alloy and 100% with Devarda’ alloy because adding Devarda’ alloy facilitated nitrate-N into ammonium-N conversion. Total Ns were significantly different between two methods, with and without Devarda’ alloy. Total N concentrations were 210 mg L<SUP>-1</SUP> at LLM 4 and 370 mg L<SUP>-1</SUP> at LLM 5 without Devarda’ alloy and 290 mg L<SUP>-1</SUP> at LLM 4 and 490 mg L<SUP>-1</SUP> at LLM 5 with Devarda’ alloy. These results suggest that if total N of LLM is less 1,000 mg L<SUP>-1</SUP>, additional procedure such as adding Devarda’ alloy can be used to estimate the total N and inorganic N better.
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임태준(Tae-jun Lim),이정택(Jung-aek Lee) 한국보건사회학회 2020 보건과 사회과학 Vol.0 No.53
본 연구의 목적은 은퇴가 노인의 인지기능에 미치는 영향을 분석하고, 이러한 영향이 은퇴의 자발성 여부에 따라 어떤 차이가 있는지 분석하는 것이다. 이를 위해 고령화연구패널조사(KLoSA: Korean Longitudinal Study of Ageing) 2006년(1차)에서 2016년(6차)까지의 자료를 이용하였다. 패널자료를 이용한 고정효과모형(fixed-effect model) 분석 통해 관찰할 수 없는 변수 문제(omitted variable problem)를 최소화하였고, 역인관관계(reverse-causality) 통제를 위해 1차 조사 당시 은퇴 전의 치매 위험이 없는 사람으로 표본을 제한하여 분석하였다. 본 연구는 첫째, 은퇴는 인기기능에 부정적 효과를 주었다. 둘째, 은퇴를 자발적 비자발적으로 구분하여 분석한 결과 모두 인지기능에 부정적인 효과를 보여주었지만, 비자발적 은퇴의 경우 부정적 효과의 크기가 더 컸다. 즉, 은퇴에 이르는 경로에 따라 인기기능에 이질적인 효과를 주었다. 경제적 심리적으로 준비되어 있지 않은 은퇴가 스트레스를 증가시키고 인지기능의 감소를 심화시킬 수 있다는 점을 추론할 수 있었다. 은퇴가 인지기능 감소의 원인이라면 주된 일자리를 그만 둔 노인들에 대해 사회활동을 할 수 있는 여건을 제공할 필요가 있으며, 은퇴의 부정적 충격을 완화하기 위해서 인지기능에 긍정적인 영향을 주는 활동들을 활성화시키기 위한 제도적 뒷받침도 필요하다. This study considers the effect of retirement on cognitive function. In addition to this, we also investigate the effect of voluntary or involuntary retirement. Using the Korean Longitudinal Study of Ageing (KLoSA) for the sample period from 2006 to 2016, I exploit a fixed effect model to control for the omitted variable bias. Moreover, to overcome reverse causality (e.g. the low cognitive function leads to retirement), I exclude individuals who has minor impairments on cognitive function in the sample for robustness. This study finds that retirees who retired at their own will experience less decrease in cognitive function relative to involuntary retirees. To reduce a decline in cognitive function for the retirees, a wider range of policies for social and volunteer activities and paid jobs should be provided to the retirees.
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녹비작물의 토양환원이 상추 및 얼갈이 배추의 수량에 미치는 영향
임태준 ( Tae Jun Lim ),김기인 ( Ki In Kim ),박진면 ( Jin Myeon Park ),이성은 ( Seong Eun Lee ),홍순달 ( Soon Dal Hong ) 한국환경농학회 2012 한국환경농학회지 Vol.31 No.3
BACKGROUND: Green manure and graminaceousmanure crops have several benefits, such as improving soil physical and chemical propertiesand utilizing excessive greenhouse nutrients that they have a potential to be a water pollutant source. METHODS AND RESULTS: The objective of this study was to investigate nitrogen (N) supplying capabilities of green manure and graminaceous manure cropsfor lettuce (Lactuca sativa L) and Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris L) grown under greenhouse conditions. For this two leguminous manures (Crotalaria juncea (Cr.) and Sesbaniaexaltata (Se.) and two graminaceous manures (Sorghum bicolor; Haussolgo (Ha) and Sudangrass (Sg) in the greenhouse were grown, cut, and incorporated into the greenhouse soil before planting. Chemical nitrogen (N) fertilizer rate was estimated based on N recommendation for lettuce and Chinese cabbage. 100% of the N recommended rates (1N) were 70 kg N ha-1 for lettuce and 60 kg N ha-1 for Chinese cabbage and 50% of the N recommendation rates (0.5N) were 35 kg N ha-1 for lettuce and 30 kg N ha-1 for Chinese cabbage. Nitrogen treatments were control (0N), Cr., Se., Cr + 0.5 N, Se + 0.5 N, Ha + 0.5 N, Sg+0.5 N, and N recommendation rate (1N). Incorporated N from green manure and graminaceous manure crops were 130, 116, 93, and 87 kg N ha-1 for Cr., Se, Ha, and Sg, respectively, Lettuce and Chinese cabbage were grown after incorporated green manure crops into the greenhouse soil. There was no significant difference in lettuce and Chinese cabbage yieldsunder N treatments except control (0 kg/ha).Nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) was from 44% to 73% and the highest NUE was under Se. treatment. Although yields were not statistically different under N treatments except control, actual yield increase ranged from 170 to 1,100 kg/ha for lettuce and ranged from 2,770 to 5,210 kg/ha for Chinese cabbage compared to yield under N recommendation rate. Estimated economic benefit from this would be higher approximately between W2, 770,000 and W5, 210,000/ha under N treatments except control than the N recommendation rate. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that incorporating green manure crops, such as Cr. and SeSe, into soil or adding 0.5 N after incorporation of them can be beneficial in many ways in that it increases economic return because of yield increase, reduces the use of chemical N, and decreasesthe negative environmental impact on water quality because excessive N in the greenhouse soil can be used by green manure crops during the fallow.
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