재판기록을 통해 본 양한묵 선생의 독립운동정신 고찰

임영언 ( Youngeon Yim ) 인문사회콘텐츠학회 2023 인문사회콘텐츠학회지 Vol.1 No.1

This study is to examine Yang Han-mook’s spirit of independence movement and to consider the direction of the promotion project at the present time. As for the method of study, content analysis was conducted on the trial records of Japanese police officers who had been arrested for Yang Han-mook’s independence movement. The research results are as follows. Yang Han-mook was the only person in the Chonnam region to participate as a national representative of 33 people and died in prison. He was shown to have a firm spirit of independence movement, saying that it is the duty of Choseon people to plan an independence movement for the independence of Choseon, and that they would do it if they had the opportunity. In conclusion, Mr. Yang Han-mook’s promotion project has been focused on the hardware aspect rather than the software aspect. In the future, it is necessary to plan a character education program that can be proud of the spirit of independence movement for youth.

재일동포 차세대 정체성의 변용과 함양에 관한 고찰

임영언 ( Yim Young-eon ) 한국외교협회 2023 외교 Vol.147 No.0

The purpose of this study is to examine the existence of ethnic identity types among Japanese-Koreans and the changes and ways to cultivate their next generation’s identity. Its results are as follows: So far, the Japanese government’s policy toward Japanese-Koreans is changing their next generation by inducing them into an era of invisible discrimination and assimilation; the opportunities for the next generation of ethnic Japanese-Koreans to recognize their identity are to be found in the participation in the spring school hosted by Mindan; in the chances to study in their home country to learn the Korean language and culture, in the provision of exchange opportunities through the formation of open and inclusive organizations that anyone can visit, and in the identity development. The study also resulted in the recommendations for the establishment of a specialized counseling center to respond to the crisis; the establishment of a virtual space network on the Internet due to the increase in naturalization of Japanese-Koreans and the shrinking of communities; and South Korean government’s recognition of the current status of Japanese-Koreans and policy support for them. It is believed that providing a variety of opportunities for identity recognition to the next generation of ethnic Japanese-Koreans will be a way to foster their identity. In terms of national identity, the next generation of Japanese-Koreans as global citizens should be able to freely choose their nationality; and in terms of national identity, programs should be developed to recognize the roots of their home country and share language, history, and culture. Paradoxically, the achievements of the Japanese government’s policy toward Japanese-Koreans in the era of immigration are considered to be an example of the direction in which Korea’s multi-cultural policy should be pursued in the future.

한,일FTA협상의 특징과 출입국정책의 전망

임영언 ( Young Eon Yim ) 조선대학교 사회과학연구원 2008 서석사회과학논총 Vol.1 No.2

The purpose of this study is to examine economic effects of FTA negotiation and to grasp the latest immigration policy for experts manpower in Japan and Korea. Between the two countries, FTA deal has been discussed for several times without reaching a specific agreement. As for the effect of the FTA negotiation, this study result shows that FTA deal will increase the amount of the trade between the two countries and reconstruct the economy. It is also evaluated positively by domestic manufacturers that use Japanese parts, for the advantage in the price competitiveness due to the efficiency of allocation of resources for manufacturing industries. As for the experts manpower, the number of Korean people staying in Japan has soared since the 1990 as a result of globalization. They are mostly foreign teachers at universities or language teachers. The Japanese immigration policy is actively examining the inflow of experts manpower that can be utilized world wide in enterprises or in research institutes. Japan has been trying to expand the expert inflow of nurses and social workers continuously to meet the social demand due to decreasing childbirth and aging society.

일제강점기 2ㆍ8 독립선언과 한국 유학생 활동 고찰

임영언 ( Yim Young-eon ),장우권 ( Chang Woo-kwon ) 한국정치사회연구소 2023 한국과 국제사회 Vol.7 No.6

The purpose of this study is to go beyond the limitations of existing research on the 2ㆍ8 Declaration of Independence and identify its Korean meaning, its impact on the independence movement as a whole, and its impact on student activities. The research results are as follows. First, Wilson's theory of national self-determination and the death of Emperor Gojong created expectations and opportunities for the independence movement of the Chosun people. Second, the February 8th Declaration of Independence by students studying abroad in Tokyo and their network with overseas independence activists were found to be factors that promoted the March 1st Independence Movement. Third, the 2ㆍ8 Declaration of Independence played a major role in the subsequent development of various and differentiated forms, such as the declaration of independence in Osaka and the domestic independence movement. In conclusion, the 2·8 Declaration of Independence contributed to providing a foundation for future independence movements with the will to take practical action to embody this spirit of 2·8.

재일동포 차세대 정체성의 변용과 함양에 관한 고찰

임영언(Yim Young-eon) 한국외교협회 2023 계간 외교 Vol.- No.147

일본 기독교 문화와 정신세계의 사적(史的) 고찰

임영언 ( Young Eon Yim ) 조선대학교 동북아연구소 2009 동북아연구 Vol.24 No.2

For Japanese Christian religion, it is 1549 that Rome Catholic gets transmitted by Francisco de Xavier. Protestant was passed 120 since the United States begins Japanese missionary work from 1889, but Christian religion is decreasing generally. Purpose of this study examines Japanese Christian history and the spiritual world and is that diagnose. Therefore, this study modern relations between Korea and Japan Christian as a means for to arrange relevant research become. Early foreign missionaries are concerned in education and social welfare and contributed greatly in Japanese modernization in Japan. Subject of missionary work were leading foreign missionaries, but began to change by Japanese gradually. Prohibition is defrosted if summarize Japanese Christian history simply to postwar in 1945 after Meijii era and it was time that missionary work is lively. Confirmed that principle of Protestant differs with a Symbol Emperor System and is put under Japanese government`s strict watch and regimentation. Originally, Christian religion is transcended country and nation, but there was side that is embodied to effect of nationalism in Japan and grasps that affected to Christian`s decrease. Deeper discussion and study will have to be continued hereafter.

일계인의 모국연계와 민족정체성 지향에 관한 조사 연구

임영언(Yim, Young Eon),최석신(Choi, Soug Shin) 동아시아일본학회 2016 일본문화연구 Vol.0 No.58

이 연구의 목적은 일본거주 일계인들 중 아이치 현에 거주하는 일계인을 대상으로 그들의 모국연계와 민족정체성 지향 관계를 고찰하는데 있다. 이 연구의 분석결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 상관분석결과, 일계인들이 브라질에 대하여 친근감이 강할수록 브라질인으로서의 정체성이 강하고 브라질과의 관련활동에 적극적인 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 일계인의 일본전통의식주호감도, 주거생활만족도, 일본사회적응, 모국연계와 정체성을 매개변수로 하는 상관분석결과, 일본의 전통의식주 문화에 대한 호감도가 높고 일본사회에 대한 적응도가 높을수록 일계인 정체성 지향이 높았다. 셋째, 회귀분석결과, 모국브라질과의 활동에 적극적이고 브라질에 대한 친근감이 높을수록 브라질인 정체성이 강화되었다. 결론적으로 일본에서 생활하는 일계인의 정체성 지향에 미치는 영향요인들은 사회적 차별과 문화적 요소로 나타났다. 즉 일계인들이 일본사회에서 사회적 차별을 경험할수록 일본보다는 모국 브라질에 대한 친근감이 강하고 브라질과의 활동이 강화되었다. 따라서 일계인의 정체성은 불변의 고정된 것이라기보다는 모국과의 연계를 통한 사회적 상황과 반작용에 따라 지향성이 변화되기도 하고 구축되기도 한다는 점을 시사하고 있다. The purpose of this study is to identify links between Brazil (the mother country) and the ethnic identity of the Nikkeijin. The findings of this study are three-fold. First, analysis of the mother country link and ethnic identity as a Brazilian were found to be strong, and the Nikkeijin were found to be active in joint activities with Brazil. Second, ethnic identity within the Nikkeijin appeared to have awareness of Japanese traditions, Japanese social adjustment, and a mother country link showing that the Nikkeijin have a high desirability to have Japanese traditional awareness and their degree of adaptation to Japanese society was high. Third, because it was active, the mother country link and ethnic identity and activity with Brazil and the intimacy for Brazil were high and their ethnic identity as Brazilians was found to be strong. Moreover, the Nikkeijin have strong ethnic identity and a high degree of adaptation. In conclusion, the ethnic identity of the Nikkeijin are not fixed but rather change according to social situations through their link to their mother country.

재한일본인의 네트워크 특징과 문화적응 스트레스에 관한 연구

임영언(Yim, Young Eon),최석신(Choi, Seok Shin) 동아시아일본학회 2014 일본문화연구 Vol.0 No.50

The purpose of this study is to analyze some characteristics of social networks and stress of culture adaptation of Japanese residents in Korea. The findings of this study are as follows: First, Japanese residents in Korea feel stresses in cultural adaptation because of the reclusive network architecture formed in their mother country, Japan. Second, Japanese residents in Korea show a limit in culture adaptation from difference of social consciousness structure. Third, the results of the case analysis of Japanese residents in Korea are seen in political, cultural, systematic, and social networks that form stresses. In conclusion, the findings of the study suggest that Japanese residents in Korea need interchange between Japanese and Korean groups with strong ties through constructing networks that ease the stress of culture adaptation. Stresses of Japanese residents in Korea are expected because of Japanese political, social, and legal pending issues between Korea and Japanese-Koreans.

일계인(日系人) 디아스포라의 민족공동체 형성 고찰

임영언(Yim Youngeon) 전남대학교 글로벌디아스포라연구소 2010 디아스포라 연구 Vol.4 No.1

이 연구의 목적은 일계인 디아스포라가 어떠한 마크로적 요인에 의해 남미(브라질, 페루 등)와 북미(미국, 캐나다 등) 지역에 초국적인 민족공동체를 형성하게 되었는가, 즉 그 역사적 배경을 새로운 시각에서 고찰하는데 있다. 일본에서 해외 이주는 크게 일본인의 미국이민과 브라질이민으로 구분되는데 여기에서는 일계브라질인의 일본에서의 이민 수용과 미국에서의 공동체 형성을 중심으로 논의를 전개하고자 한다. 일본인의 해외이민은 1868년 메이지시대 이후 시작되었으며 1980년대까지만 해도 주로 해외 이민, 즉 출이민(出移民)이라는 개념이 강했다. 그러나 1980년 중반이후 일계브라질인 디아스포라의 일본으로의 환류이민은 돈을 벌기(데카세기) 위한 입이민(入移民) 위주의 초국적인 글로벌화 과정에서 나타난 다문화현상으로 설명되고 있다. 연구결과 오늘날 일계인은 크게 두 가지 형태로 존재한다. 먼저 일계브라질인 디아스포라로서 1990년대 이후 브라질에서 일본으로 유입된 외국인노동자로 일본 내에 형성된 공동체적인 의미가 강하다. 또 하나는 1868년 메이지시대 이후 해외로 이주한 이민자들로 현재 미국에서 거주하고 있는 약 100만 명에 달하는 일계미국인 디아스포라 공동체이다. 일계브라질인 디아스포라는 1984년 브라질 경제의 악화로 인한 1985년 "프라자합의"로 엔화가치가 상승하고 달러가 하락하자 일본정부의 입국관리국법이 개정된 1990년대 이후 일계브라질인의 외국인노동자로서 역이민이 본격적으로 시작되었다. 현재 그들은 일본에 거주하면서 일본인과는 다른 일계브라질인으로서의 공동체와 정체성을 지향하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 일본인의 미국이민은 메이지시대가 시작되기 전인 1861년부터 시작되어 1942년 태평양 전쟁기간의 강제수용, 1980년대 이후 지속된 일계미국인 사회의 강제수용에 대한 보상운동을 겪으면서 정체성에서 큰 변화를 가져왔다. 그들은 일본으로 회귀하려는 민족공동체 지향보다는 북미에서 그들이 구축하고 재민족화한 미국 속의 작은 일본임과 동시에 제3세계의 일본이라는 정체성으로 규정할 수 있을 것이다. The Purpose of this study is that Diaspora examines in treating ethnic community about was formed in Brazil and America by some cause. Emigration wishes to be classified into Japanese"s American emigration and Brazilian greatly but unfold discussion in Nikkei-Brazilian"s Japanese emigration recovery and community formation in the United States here in Japan. Japanese"s emigration was begun since 1868 Meiji era and concept of emigration, that is, immigration was strong mainly until the 1980s. But, it was observed by multiculturalism phenomenon that appear in globalization process that is trans-nationalism by emigration of Japan, that is, immigration putting first for Dekasegi named Diaspora is Nikkei-Brazilian after 1980s. This study finding, Nikkeijin exists by greatly two forms. First, Nikkeijin community meaning, of foreign workers who form because is flowed in from Brazil to Japan after the 1990 usually of Diaspora is Nikkei Brazilian, is strong. The other is Diaspora community is the American Diaspora about 1,000,000 people inhabiting in the present America by emigrants moving abroad since 1868 Meiji era. It is showing different aspect in view of transnational ethnic community formation named Nikkeijin Diaspora. Emigration was begun regularly as foreign workers from Brazil after the 1990 that Japanese government is revised when yen value rises as "Agreement Of Plaza" in 1985 and dollar falls by aggravation of Brazil economy in 1984. Nikkei American community was influenced by a compulsory acquisition campaign for compensations since Second World War"s Japanese compulsory acquisition and the 1980 after 1942. Therefore, Nikkei American Diaspora may set by named Japan of Third World moment there is another small Japan that do re-ethnification rather than intend Japanization.

재일동포 모국귀환 고찰 : 해방 전후 모국귀환과 북송귀환을 중심으로

임영언(Yim Youngeon),명동호(Myoung Dongho) 부경대학교 인문사회과학연구소 2021 인문사회과학연구 Vol.22 No.1

이 연구의 목적은 1945년 해방 전후 재일동포의 모국귀환과 북송 귀환에 대한 차이점과 의미를 고찰하는 데 있다. 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 해방 전후 모국귀환은 1945년 해방 전후부터 1946년 3월까지 공식적으로 귀환한 재일동포가 약 90만 명, 자력으로 선박을 조달하여 밀입국이나 비공식적인 방법으로 귀국한 재일동포가 약 40만 명 등, 총 130만 명 정도가 귀환한 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 북송 귀환의 배출요인은 일본에서 귀찮은 존재의 추방이라는 기대심리, 일본 사회의 재일동포에 대한 차별과 소외, 일본 매스컴에 의한 한국의 정치 경제적 혼란 등이었다. 흡인요인은 1950년대 말 한국의 정치 경제적 혼란, 1960년경 4･19 학생운동으로 이승만 정권의 붕괴와 북한 주도의 남북통일 소문이 총련계 중심의 재일동포 사회에서 확산하였기 때문이다. 셋째, 북송 귀환은 재일동포 사회에서 민단과 총련이 결성되고 1950년 한국전쟁을 계기로 남북을 지지하는 세력이 분열되면서 약 10년간에 걸쳐 93,293명이 북송되었다. 이후 북송 귀환을 계기로 재일동포사회는 분열의 길에 들어섰으며 이러한 분단 상태는 남북분단과 마찬가지로 지금까지 계속되고 있다. 결론적으로 북송 귀환은 재일동포의 낯선 곳으로의 이민이라는 점에서 이민자의 흡인요인을 설명하기 어렵다는 점이 문제로 지적할 수 있다. 현재 북송 귀환에 관한 관심이 높아지고 있는 가운데 이를 조명하는 후속연구들이 많이 출현하기를 기대한다. The purpose of this study is to examine the differences and meanings of Koreans in Japan s return to their home country and return to North Korea before and after liberation in 1945. The research results are as follows. First, for Koreans in Japan to return to their home countries around 1945, a total of 1.3 million people returned, including about 900,000 officially returning and 400,000 officially and unofficial returnees. Second, the push factors that caused the return to North Korea were the anticipation of the expulsion of troublesome beings from Japan, the discrimination and alienation of Koreans in Japan by Japanese society, and the political and economic turmoil of Korea caused by Japanese media. The pull factors were the political and economic turmoil in the late 1950s, the collapse of the Seungman Rhee regime due to the 4∙19 student movement around 1960, and rumors of North Korean-led reunification spread to the Korean-Japanese society centered on Chongryon. Third, the return to North Korea led to the division of the Korean-Japanese society through the formation of the Mindan and Chongryon of the Korean-Japanese society, the Korean War in 1950, and the return of the Koreans to North Korea. In conclusion, it can be pointed out that returning to North Korea is a big problem in that it lacks indispensable suction factors for immigrants in that it is immigration to unfamiliar places for Koreans in Japan. Currently, interest in repatriation to North Korea is increasing, and I hope that many follow-up studies dealing with this will emerge.