성장기 소아 청소년 환자에서의 치과 임플란트 식립

신현승,Shin, Hyun-Seung 대한소아치과학회 2015 대한소아치과학회지 Vol.42 No.3

Although there are a number of studies on the treatment planning and the prognosis of dental implants, limited studies provide the information on the implant placement on growing adolescents. The aim of this review is to discuss the use of dental implants in growing patients and the impact of skeletal and dentoalveolar growth on the long-term stability of implants. The general information regarding skeletal growth of maxilla and mandible would be briefly reviewed and the general treatment options would be discussed.

신유학(新儒學)의 대동사상(大同思想)과 인(仁)의 공동체

신현승 ( Shin Hyun-seung ) 한양대학교 동아시아문화연구소 2016 동아시아 문화연구 Vol.66 No.-

This literature is a study on the conception of Datong(Great Unity) World presented as Utopia by Confucianists and Datong(Great Unity) theory of Yangmingxue, focusing on the era of Neo-Confucianism which is represented by both Zhuzixue(朱子學) and Yangmingxue(陽明學) after 10th century, out of long-standing history of the Confucianism. Besides that, it also analyzes Datong(Great Unity) theory of Tan Sitong, an intellectual of the Qing dynasty. Out of Neo-Confucianism, Yangmingxue in particular accepted Ren(仁), core idea of Confucius in ancient Pre-Qin Confucianism(先秦儒家) as main ideology of Datong World, and deployed the concept of Ren(仁)’s Community. And the main framework and premise of this literature is that 『Renxue』 of Tan Sitong was deploying the conception of New Ren (仁)’s Community as an extension of various several academies including Pre-Qin Confucianism and Yangmingxue. Especially, from the standpoint of Yangmingxue, this is none other than the conception of the community of Ren in Everything-as-one. The concept of Ren in Everything-as-one was also an ideological criterion which the realization of Datong(Great Unity) Society relies on. Therefore, the purpose of this literature was to study the theoretical aspects of the conception of Datong World which Eastern Asian Neo-Confucianism had been pursuing, and to investigate the social order system and the conception of Community, using the concept of Ren(仁) as a medium. To be concrete, the main part of this literature deals with the study on the theory of Utopia, the sense of social integration, and the community of Ren in Everything-as-one which are part of Yangmingxue. Subsequently as the second main part, it deals with the investigation on Tan Sitong``s Ren(仁)’s Community, and Datong(Great Unity) theory in the extension of Yangmingistic way of thinking. Especially, this literature looks into the sense of social integration based on Tan Sitong’s Datong(Great Unity) theory, Ren(仁)’s Community, and Equality, using Tan Sitong``s masterpiece, 『Renxue』 as a reference.

星湖 李瀷의 公共性 이념과 政治哲學 고찰

신현승(Shin, Hyun-Seung) 강원대학교 인문과학연구소 2015 인문과학연구 Vol.0 No.44

이 논문에서는 한국 현대사회의 ‘공공성’의 원류를 찾아내기 위한 과제로서 전근대적 공공성 담론의 한 사례를 탐구해 보고자 하였다. 연구대상은 조선 후기 실학파의 대표적 인물인 성호(星湖) 이익(李瀷, 1681-1763)이었다. 지금까지 성호(星湖)의 철학과 사상에 관한 연구성과는 산더미처럼 쌓여 있다. 정치, 경제, 사회, 역사, 문학, 과학, 경학, 성리학 등의 모든 방면에 걸쳐 논문은 물론이고 연구 단행본 등이 대량으로 출간되었다. 그래서 이 논문도 이와 같은 기존의 연구성과를 시야에 넣으면서도 ‘공공성’이라는 현대적 용어를 가지고 성호의 실학사상 가운데 정치?경제와 관련된 언설을 분석해 보고자 하였다. 본문에서 기술했지만, 성호의 공(公)과 사(私)에 대한 담론이나 공적 영역과 공적 가치에 대한 언설은 유교사상의 도덕성과 강한 연결고리를 갖고 있었다. 그것은 곧 10세기 이후 주자(朱子)를 대표로하는 신유학(新儒學, Neo-Confucianism)의 공사관(公私觀)과 강하게 연결되어 있다는 것을 의미한다. 따라서 이 논고는 본문의 기술에 있어서 두 축을 설정하였다. 하나는 성호의 공사(公私) 개념에 대한 철학적 탐구와 경제사상, 다른 하나는 성호의 정치철학을 설정하여 둘 모두에서 공공성이라는 문제를 다루어 보고자 하였다. 즉 이 논문은 성호의 사상체계에서 공공성 이념이 어떠한 것이었는지, 또 그 정치철학의 핵심을 관통하는 공공성 이념의 실상이 어떠했는지에 관해 고찰하는 것을 주된 목표로 하였다. This study attempted to explore a single case of old-fashioned discourse of publicness as a task to find the origin of ‘publicness’ of the modern society of South Korea. Subject of study was Seongho Yi Ik (1681-1763), the representative person of Realist School of Confucianism in the late Joseon period. Till now, the outcome of research on Seongho’s philosophy and thought has accumulated like a pile. A lot of articles and books of research have been published in all areas such as politics, economics, society, history, literature, science, Confucian classics and neo -Confucianism. Thus, this study tried to analyze comments on politics and economics in Seongho’s thought of practical science using the modern term, ‘publicness’ while including the results of existing research. As described in the main text, Seongho’s discourse of public and private matters or comments on public sector and public value had a strong connection with morality of Confucian ideas, which means that it is strongly connected with the concept of public and private matters of Neo-Confucianism since the 10th century, represented by Zhu Xi. Thus, this study set up two axes in the description of the main text. Setting up one as Seongho’s philosophical inquiry into the concept of public and private matters and economic thought and the other as his political philosophy, it attempted to deal with the issue of publicness regarding the two. In other words, this study aimed at inquiring into the idea of publicness in Seongho’s ideological system and the real image of the idea of publicness penetrating the core of his political philosophy.

즙산의 인간론과 개과천선의 유교치료학

신현승 ( Hyun Seung Shin ) 고려대학교 철학연구소 2012 철학연구 Vol.0 No.45

As this thesis investigated humanities therapy, which is just introduced to domestic academia of humanities, especially a field of study as a new public opinion called ``philosophical therapy,`` it questioned the possibility of philosophical therapy through theory of human of a certain Confucian scholar who took an active role at the end of Myung Dynasty in China. This Confucian scholar is Jishan 劉宗周(Liu-Zongzhou). Therefore, as focusing on his work 人譜(Renpu), this thesis is to question the possibility of Confucian therapeutics related to understanding of problems of philosophical therapy that is popular recently. In particular, among 人譜(Renpu), 「人譜續篇三」(Renpuxupian-san) was selected as a key material for demonstration , and this work is composed of 「紀過格」(Jiguoge)·「訟過法」(Songguofa)·「改過說三篇」(Gaiguoshuo-sanpian). On the first paragraph of the body understood those two documents 「Jiguoge」·「Songguofa」 as philosophical awareness and introspection so they analyzed ``過惡(guoe),`` individual pathological phenomenon, and investigated the process of self-awareness. Considering 「Gaiguoshuo」 as the main document, the second paragraph discussed ``becoming聖人`` as philosophical therapy (especially perspective of Confucian therapeutics) and Confucian treatment of ``改過遷善 (Gaiguo-qianshan). Moreover, it pointed out that the problem of ``gai(改),`` which is a key issue of Confucian therapeutics of Jishan, is that this letter includes a therapeutic meaning of ``to correct or to rectify.`` As mentioned on two paragraphs of the body, this thesis understood a remark about theory of man of Jishan as a part of Confucian therapeutics and linked the concept ``Gaiguoqianshan`` that has become a word of everyday life in East Asia to Confucian therapeutics.

『성유식론(成唯識論)』의 말나식 존재증명에 대한 검토

신현승 ( Hyun Seung Shin ) 동아시아불교문화학회 2015 동아시아불교문화 Vol.0 No.24

『成唯識論』은 世親(400~480)의 『唯識三十頌』에 대한 주석 10가지를 모아서 玄장(600~664)이 편집하여 번역한 것으로 알려져 있다. 末那識은 아뢰야식과 더불어 유식교학의 극히 중요한 心識說의 기초이다. 그런데 부파교학에서는 육식이외에는 인정하지 않으므로 말나식의 존재를 증명하는 것은 유식교학의 매우 중대한 과제였다. 『성유식론』에는 말나식의 존재를 증명하는 것이 가장 완비된 형태로 이루어져 있다. 그리고 그 순서는 경전 근거로만 입증하는 제1성교증, 제2성교증, 이어서 경전근거와 추리에 의해 증명하는 제1정리증부터 제6정리증까지의 순서대로 서술되어 있다. 본고의 목표는 『성유식론』의 말나식의 존재 증명을 진리판정 기준에 의해 그 입증 정도를 알아보는 것이었다. 그러기위해 우선 증명의 대상인 말나식과 존재의 개념을 알아보았다. 다음으로 성교증(聖敎證) 두 가지와 정리증(正理證) 여섯 가지의 입증 정도를 차례로 알아보았다. 그 결과 우선 제1성교증과 제2성교증은 경전근거와 부합하였다. 그리고 제1정리증은 의식과는 별도로 항상하는 무명을 수반하는 말나식이 존재함을 입증하였다고 할 수 있다. 제2정리증은 육식전체가 같은 원리로 작용하므로 전오식과 마찬 가지로 의식의 경우도 동시에 존재하는 根을 인정해야한다는 점에서 말나식이 인정된다. 그러나 제3정리증, 제4정리증, 그리고 제5정리증은 주장의 일관성을 결여하고 있어 말나식 존재가 입증되었다고 보기 힘들다. 한편 제6정리증에서의 주장은 유식교학 체계에서 볼 때, 일관성이란 면에서 별도의 말나식이 있음을 입증한 것이다. This study aims to examine the acceptability of proving the existence of the manas in the Ch``eng wei-shih lun, with criterion for judging truth. The Ch``eng wei-shih lun is known that Xuanzang(600 ~664) compiled and translated ten distinct Sanskrit commentaries into its discussion and elucidation of the Trimsika written by Vasubandu(400~480). The manas, along with .laya vijn.na, forms the foundation on the theory of mind-consciousness. Still, it is an important problem for the Vijnaptim.trat. school to prove the existence of the manas, in that the school should get over the Sect Buddhism which is accepting nothing but the existence of the six consciousness. The Ch``eng wei-shih lun is considered to have accomplished a most complete form to prove the existence of the manas. And it presents eightfold proof in order that the first and the second goes on the scriptures, and the third to the eighth on the Buddhist logic. To examine acceptability of Ch``eng wei-shih lun``s proving the existence of the manas, this study looked into its definitions of the manas and the existence to be proved, and checked the eightfold proof with the criteria for the judgement of truth. According to the result, the first and the second proof on the scriptures is acceptable, because it corresponds to scriptural ground. Among the sixfold proof on the Buddhist logic, the first, the second, and the sixth proof can be accepted, but the other cannot. That is, the first proof shows that apart from the sixth consciousness, the manas has ignorance constantly, and the second that the sixth consciousness postulates the existence of the manas as its own root, in that each of six consciousness has only one same kind of sense faculty, namely, root which its function can depend on. But the third, the fourth, and the fifth proof has the lack of consistency. Finally the sixth proof maintains the demonstration coherent to the doctrines of Vijnaptim.trat. school.

중국 명말청초기 즙산학 후계자들에 관한 일고찰

신현승 ( Hyun Seung Shin ) 한양대학교 동아시아문화연구소 2014 동아시아 문화연구 Vol.59 No.-

Jishan Liu Zong-zhou(1578~1645) is an authentic successor of Yangmingism revered by Huang Zongxi(1610~1695), the most celebrated Confucian scholar during the Mingmo-Qingchu (late Ming and early Qing) period. He emphasized Chengyi (sincerity) and Shendu (restraining in privacy) and formed an academic network, which could be called Jishan School to posterity. Also, among the representative successors, there is Huang Zongxi, who is famous as the author of Mingru Xue``an. He wrote Mingru Xue``an, which brought about the effect imprinting him as a authentic representative successor of Yangmingism and Jishanism. Then, can be the successor of Liu Zong-zhou’s study, that is, Jishanism really represented by Huang Zongxi only? This study starts from raising this question. Thus, this discussion is an introductory inquiry into the successors of Jishan Liu Zong-zhou, who is called the greatest Confucianist in the Mingmo period. Liu Zong-zhou``s Academic School, which is also called Jishan School to posterity, was inherited critically and continued ceaselessly until the time when the Ming dynasty collapsed and the Ching dynasty took over. However, methods of inheriting the teacher’s theory developed in various ways by the successors with the stream of the times. Two schools of Neo-Confucianism, Zhuxiism and Yangmingism, were premised by the successors of Jishanism, too, as a reference point in arguing their theories. Some successors inherited their teacher``s theory from the position of authentic Yangmingism while other successors absorbed a tendency of Zhuxiism to inherit the teacher``s theory critically. Four successors of Jishanism dealt with in this study can be said to construct their independent theory by choosing a method of critical succession in their own approaches.

치주질환 및 임플란트 주위 질환의 새 분류

신현승(Hyun-Seung Shin) 대한치과의사협회 2019 대한치과의사협회지 Vol.57 No.12

The classification of periodontal disease in 1999 has been widely used for determining a diagnosis, establishing a treatment plan, and evaluating the prognosis of the patient with periodontal disease. However, scientific evidence from many studies indicates the need for a new classification system for periodontal and peri-implant disease. Summary at 2017 world workshop as follows: 1) Periodontal health and peri-implant health was defined; 2) Chronic periodontitis and aggressive periodontitis were unified as periodontitis; 3) Periodontitis was further classified by staging and grading to reflect disease severity and management complexity, rate of disease progression, respectively; 4) Periodontal disease as manifestation of systemic disease is based on the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems-10 (ICD-10) code; 5) Periodontal biotype and biologic width was replaced to periodontal phenotype and supracrestal tissue attachment, respectively; 6) The excessive occlusal force was replaced by a traumatic occlusal force; 7) ≥3 ㎜ of radiographic bone loss, ≥6 ㎜ of pocket probing depth and bleeding on probing indicates peri-implantitis in the absence of radiograph at final prosthesis delivery.

명대 말기 학술공동체와 정치 네트워크 연구 - 동림과 복사를 중심으로 -

신현승 ( Shin Hyun-seung ) 충남대학교 유학연구소 2020 유학연구 Vol.50 No.-

Academies as Confucian academic communities and Teaching and Learning Networks during the period of Ming and Qing, China did not aim at the uniform sameness. Rather, they freely discussed studies and politics altogether. To examine the aspects of the development and advancement of academies and teaching and learning systems, which became earnest since the mid-Ming Dynasty of China, it is no doubt that we cannot skip the figures in the line of Wang Yangming's Philosophy, like Zhan Ruoshui (1466-1560) and Wang Shouren (1472-1529). In addition, it is impossible not to mention the two persons either concerning the appearance of active academic debates and various academic schools from the camp of Yangmingism during the Late Ming Dynasty. Definitely, those who made the greatest contribution to the institutionalization of teaching and learning in academy since the mid-Ming Dynasty was Yangming School, that is, Wang Shouren and his pupils. On the other hand, it is insufficient to understand the history of Confucian thoughts of China during the late Ming period and the early Qing period without Donglin School in the line of Zhuxiism, who actively developed fierce academic debates with them (Left-wing of Yangmingism) and Liu Zongzhou of Jishan School, who attempted the compromise and fusion between Zhuxiism and Yangmingism. This study understood the Confucian academic and political aspects of the academy, incorporation, and teaching and learning, which flourished like an active volcano in the late Ming Dynasty as an example of the Confucian academic communities during the pre-modern times in East Asia, putting academy and teaching and learning traditions during the pre-modern times of China into the scope of research. Thus, this study recognized all the aspects of the academy and teaching and learning during the Song and Ming Dynasties, in terms of Confucian academic community and discussed the aspects of the academy and teaching and learning during the Ming Dynasty and the raison d'etre of the academy during the Ming Dynasty and Confucian academic discourse and the real political discourses, which are the main contents of teaching and learning. In addition, this study concretely investigated the aspects of the development of Donglin School as an important academic and political network during the late Ming Dynasty and Fushe, which is also called Xiaodonglin.

원발성 간암환자의 간염바이러스 감염양상 및 임상상

신현승(Hyun Seung Shin),한광협(Kwang Hyub Han),박상진(Sang Jin Park),안신기(Shin Kee Ahn),전재윤(Chae Yoon Chon),문영명(Young Myoung Moon),강진경(Jin Kyung Kang),박인서(In Suh Park),김현숙(Hyun Sook Kim),권오웅(Oh Woong Kwoun) 대한내과학회 1994 대한내과학회지 Vol.46 No.4

Background: Epidemiologic studies shows that Korea is one of the high incidence area of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and the major etiologic factor is hepatitis B virus (HBV1. Recently developed assay for circulating antibodies against hepatitis C virus (HCV) suggests the possible etiologic role of HCV for HCC in a number of countries. To evaluate the role of hepatitis virus infection and clinical characteristics in Korean patients with HCC. We studied the positive rates of anti-HCV and HBsAg and analyzed clinical aspects in patients with HCC. Methods: Three hundred twenty six patients with HCC were included from May 1990 to June 1992. We analyzed the prevalence of hepatitis virus infection (B and C) and clinical aspects of the patients with HCC. Results: Among 326 patients examined, two hundred fifteen patients were found to be carriers of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and hepatitis C antibodies (anti-HCV) were detected in 59 patients (18.1%). Two hundred nine patients were positive for HBsAg but negative for anti-HCV (64.1%, group B), Fifty four patients were negative for HBsAg but positive for anti-HCV (16.6%, group C). Fifty eight patients were negative for both HBsAg and anti-HCV (17.8%, group Non-BC), Five patients were positive for HBsAg and anti-HCV (1.5%, group BC). The mean age of patients in group C was significantly higher than that of patients with group B (65.3 versus 51.5 years, p<0.01). Coexistence of liver cirrhosis at diagnosis of HCC was found in 254 patients (77.6%) among 326 patients and there was no significant difference between groups. But according to Child-Pugh classification, percentage of class B and C were higher in group C than group B (68.5 vs 32.5%). By the gross appearance of HCC, nodular (single or multiple) type was more common in group C than group B (68.5 vs 32.5%). Alpha-fetoprotein levels greater than 400 ng/ml were found in 187 patients (57.4%) among 326 patients, 63.6% in group B, 51.9% in group C, 39.7% in group Non-BC. Another finding was that the past history of blood transfusion was noticed in only about 11% of anti-HCU positive patients. The detection rates of second generation enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for anti-HCV in HBsAg-negative HCC patients was slightly higher than that of the first generation EIA (50.7 vs 44. 49o). Conclusion: These data suggest that although hepatitis B virus is still the most important etiologic factor for HCC in Korea, HCV infection is an another important etiologic factor in HRsAg-negative HCC patients. Patients with HCV-related HCC tended to be older in age, more frequently associated advanced cirrhosis and nodular appearance in gross finding compared with HBV related HCC.

감성철학으로서 양명학에 대한 일고찰 - 이탁오 사상을 중심으로 -

신현승 ( Shin Hyun-seung ) 충남대학교 유학연구소 2017 유학연구 Vol.39 No.-

The modern society is at a time of the conversion from the age of informatization in which importance is attached to logical and rational thinking abilities gradually to a new age in which importance is attached to emotional and sensory abilities. However, in the emotion-oriented society, the importance of reason is still valid, and it would be important to make a harmonious and balanced progress between reason and emotion. Thus, this study would discuss the ideas of Li Zhuowu (1527-1602), a left-wing figure of Yangmingxue, who was active at the end of the Ming period of China with the code of emotion, regarding the East Asian traditional philosophy, Yangmingxue, or narrowly, the ideas of the left wing of Yangmingxue as a philosophy of emotion. In addition, through this process of discussion, it could be found that the phase of development of Neo-Confucianist ideas around during the 16th and 17th century, including Li Zhuowu`s thoughts, faced a situation of turning into a completely new history of ideology. It was a series of emotion centered ideological movement, represented by the left wing of Yangmingxue, at the end of the Ming period, and its main characteristics were the processes of criticism, reflection, and dissolution of the rational thought of Zhuzixue, and to a thought of emotionalism affirming desires, based on Yangmingxue, newly. Natural desires and emotions of humans that cannot control with a rational thought began to wriggle in earnest in about 500 years. After the birth of Chengzhuxus. Li Zhuowu, the main subject of discussion in this study came to awaken human desires and emotions newly like figures on the left wing of Yangmingxue in the society ruled by reason of Chengzhuxue and brought the remnants of desires, branded negatively in the history of Confucianism. Especially, starting with the discovery of an object or privateness as a desiring subject, he emphasized active affirmation of emotional insult. In addition, as a driving force that causes the awakening of the object, he brought a young child`s mind, that is, the pure innocence of childhood to the forefront of his own philosophy.