탐구적 과학 글쓰기(SWH)를 적용한 고등학교 과제연구의 효과

문샛별,최원호 대한화학회 2018 대한화학회지 Vol.62 No.5

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of research project activities using the science writing heuristic on science inquiry abilities and attitudes toward science in high school students. For this purpose, we conducted the research project activities using the science writing heuristic consisting of questioning, experimental design, observation, argument and evidence, reading, and reflection steps for 73 students of the second year of science core course in high school in Jeonnam. In order to analyze the effects of the program, we surveyed the scientific inquiry ability and attitude toward science, investigated the perception of the research project class applying science writing heuristic, and conducted interviews when there was difficulty in interpreting the results. And the results of this study are as follows. First, among the science inquiry abilities, the score of Reasoning, Hypothesis setting, Finding variables, Operational definition, Experimental design, Graphing and data interpretation, Generalization was significantly improved statistically (p<.05), but the score of Expectation was not statistically significant (p>.05). Second, among the attitudes toward science, the score of ‘Leisure interest in science’, ‘Enjoyment of science lessons’, ‘Career interest in science’ was significantly improved statistically (p<.05). And the score of ‘Attitude to scientific inquiry’ decreased but it’s not significant statistically. The high school research project applying science writing heuristic had a positive effect on scientific inquiry ability and scientific attitude but it could be burden to students because it is led by students in a form different from general science class for a long time. And so continuous study on research project that minimize these disadvantages and maximize their merits is needed. 본 연구의 목적은 탐구적 과학 글쓰기(Science Writing Heuristic)를 적용한 과제연구의 활동이 고등학생의 과학 탐구 능 력 및 과학에 대한 태도에 미치는 영향을 알아보는 것이다. 이를 위하여 전남 소재의 고등학교 과학중점과정 2학년 학생 73명을 대상으로 의문 만들기, 실험 설계, 관찰, 주장과 증거, 읽기, 반성의 단계로 구성된 탐구적 과학 글쓰기를 적용한 과제연구 프로 그램을 실시하였다. 프로그램의 효과 분석을 위해 과학 탐구 능력과 과학에 대한 태도를 검사하였고, 탐구적 과학 글쓰기를 적 용한 과제 연구 수업에 대한 인식을 조사하였으며, 결과 해석의 어려움이 있을 경우 면담을 실시하였다. 연구 결과는 다음과 같 다. 첫째, 과학 탐구 능력 중 추리, 가설 설정, 변인 찾기, 조작적 정의, 실험설계, 그래프화 및 데이터 해석, 일반화 능력은 통계 적으로 유의미하게 향상되었으나(p<.05), 예상 능력은 향상되었으나 통계적으로 유의미하지 않았다(p>.05). 둘째, 과학에 대한 태 도 중 과학에 대한 취미로서의 관심, 과학 수업의 즐거움, 과학 직업에 대한 관심은 통계적으로 유의미하게 향상되었으나(p<.05), 과학 탐구에 대한 태도는 통계적 유의하지 않았지만 점수가 감소했다. 탐구적 과학 글쓰기를 적용한 고등학교 과제 연구 수업은 과학 탐구 능력 및 과학 태도에 긍정적인 효과가 있었지만 오랜 기간 동안 일반 과학 수업과는 다른 형태로 학생이 주도하며 진 행되기 때문에 학생들에게 부담이 된다. 그래서 이러한 단점을 최소화하고 장점을 최대화한 과제 연구 수업 전략에 대한 지속적 인 연구가 필요하다.

“Undisputed Masculine Supremacy” - A Subversive Imagination of Moral Masculinity in Catharine Maria Sedgwick’s Hope Leslie -

문샛별 순천향대학교 인문학연구소 2023 순천향 인문과학논총 Vol.42 No.3

19th-century female author Catharine Maria Sedgwick’s 1827 novel, Hope Leslie, or Early Times in the Massachusetts, portrays the eponymous Heroine, Hope Leslie, who is born and orphaned in England and comes to a Puritan community in Massachusetts, New England. Hope’s trans-Atlantic experience allows her a peculiar position between a Native American community and a white settler one, and this trope has been popular in Hope Leslie criticism. While many critics focus on the female characters and their interracial intimacy, this paper attempts to explore peripheral male characters and undiscussed themes in the novel by shedding more light on Mr. William Fletcher, Hope’s uncle, delving into a reading of Hope Leslie as a blueprint for a uniquely American form of manhood, in reaction to traditional English values, and established norms of masculinity that do not apply in the New World, on American soil. Sedgwick’s critique on masculine ideals as problematic in terms of spirituality and morality, as the author champions women in the domestic sphere as occupying an ideal space. Looking more closely at the unconventional American father figure as a symbol of moral masculinity, this paper examines how Sedgwick’s radical vision of alternative masculinity is manifest in her fiction.

화학 교사의 메타모델링 인식 향상을 위한 의사결정트리 활용 교육 프로그램의 효과: 산화 환원 반응 모델을 중심으로

문샛별,백성혜 대한화학회 2025 대한화학회지 Vol.69 No.6

이 연구에서는 화학 교사의 산화 환원 반응 모델에 대한 메타모델링 인식 향상을 위하여 의사결정트리를 활용한 교육 프로그램을 개발하고 적용하였다. 연구 대상은 종합교원양성대학의 석사과정에 재학 중인 화학 교사 23명이며, 1회 수업당 4시 간씩 총 3회, 12시간에 걸쳐 온라인으로 프로그램을 진행하였다. 교육 프로그램은 전자 이동 모델, 산화수 변화 모델, 결합 유형 변화 모델(굿스테인 모델)에 대한 개념 확인 및 동기 유발, 오렌지3 프로그램을 활용한 인공지능 도구의 기능 탐색 , 모델별 개념 기반 데이터 생성 , AI 모델링을 통한 개념 정교화 , AI 기반 오류 진단 및 평가 , 성찰 및 공유의 6단계로 구성하였다 . 교사들은 화 학 반응식에 대한 정보를 직접 생성하여 의사결정트리 분류 모델을 만들고, 머신러닝이 분류에 오류를 나타낼 때 의사결정트리를 통해 오류의 원인을 파악하고 스스로 오개념을 수정하도록 하였다 . 프로그램의 효과를 분석하기 위해 산화 환원 반응 모델에 대 한 가치관과 모델 기반 판단 역량, 과학 메타모델링 인식의 변화를 사전-사후 설문을 통해 분석하였다. 연구 결과, 교사들의 산화 환 원 반응 모델에 대한 가치관이 위계적 관점에서 다원적 관점으로 변화하였으며 , 모델의 적용 범위와 한계를 명확히 인식하는 고 차원적인 판단 역량을 함양하였다 . 특히 , 과학 메타모델링 인식은 객관적 설명 도구 수준 (2단계 )에서 탐구적 ·다원적 도구 수준 (3, 4단계)으로 발달하였다 . 인공지능 도구는 교사들의 메타인지적 성찰을 촉진하는 효과적인 교수-학습 도구로 활용되었으며, 교사 들은 오류의 즉각적 확인 및 시각화, 협력적 토의 촉진, 메타인지적 성찰 촉진 등을 통해 긍정적인 학습 경험을 하였다. 이러한 결과는 인공지능을 활용한 탐구 경험이 교사들의 과학의 본성에 대한 이해를 심화하고 실제적인 교수 전략의 변화까지 이끌어 낼 수 있음을 시사한다. 따라서 화학 교사들이 모델의 본성을 깊이 이해하고 미래 사회가 요구하는 학생들의 과학적 사고력과 탐구 역량을 함양하는 수업을 설계할 수 있도록 교사들이 직접 과학 모델을 구성하고 평가하는 탐구 경험을 중심으로 인공지능 도구를 활용하는 전문성 개발 프로그램이 지속적으로 개발되고 확대되어야 할 것이다. In this study, an educational program utilizing decision trees was developed and applied to improve chemistry teachers' metamodeling perceptions regarding oxidation-reduction reaction models. The participants included 23 chemistry teachers enrolled in a master's program at a comprehensive teacher training university. The program was conducted online over three sessions, each lasting four hours, for a total of 12 hours. The educational program consisted of six stages: concept verification and motivation regarding the electron transfer model, oxidation state change model, and bond type change model (Goodstein model); exploration of AI tool functions using the Orange3 program; generation of concept-based data for each model; concept refinement through AI modeling; AI-based error diagnosis and evaluation; and reflection and sharing. Teachers generated information about chemical reaction equations to create a decision tree classification model, identified the causes of classification errors through the decision tree when machine learning indicated errors, and corrected misconceptions independently. To analyze the effectiveness of the program, changes in teachers' values regarding oxidation-reduction reaction models, model-based judgment capabilities, and perceptions of scientific metamodeling were examined through pre- and post- surveys. The results indicated that teachers' values regarding oxidation-reduction reaction models shifted from a hierarchical perspective to a pluralistic perspective, and they developed a higher-level judgment capability to clearly recognize the scope and limitations of the models. In particular, the perception of scientific metamodeling progressed from the level of objective explanatory tools (Level 2) to the level of exploratory and pluralistic tools (Levels 3 and 4). AI tools were utilized as effective teaching and learning instruments that facilitated teachers' metacognitive reflection. Teachers had positive learning experiences through immediate error identification and visualization, promotion of collaborative discussions, and enhancement of metacognitive reflection. These results suggest that inquiry experiences utilizing AI are effective in deepening teachers' understanding of the nature of science and leading to changes in their practical teaching strategies. Therefore, it is essential to continuously develop and expand professional development programs centered on inquiry experiences where teachers construct and evaluate scientific models themselves using AI tools. This will enable chemistry teachers to deeply understand the nature of models and design lessons that foster the scientific thinking and inquiry skills required by future society.

A Limitation of Jamaica's Brown Middle-Class Nationalist Saga: Race-ing and Erasing Blackness in V. S. Reid's New Day

문샛별 동국대학교 영어권문화연구소 2022 영어권문화연구 Vol.15 No.3

Jamaican writer Victor Stafford Reid's New Day (1949) refutes racist narratives of British colonialism in contemporary Jamaican literature and provides an alternative Jamaican narrative with Jamaican patois. The novel details a seventy-nine-year-long genealogy of the struggle and rise of the brown creole class from the 1865 Morant Bay Rebellion to the tumultuous 1960s which led Jamaica to nationhood in the New Constitution in 1944. It also subtly critiques Jamaican nationalism's ethical and racial limitations as the leading class predominantly consists of the brown creole class with sustainable wealth and proximity to the white upper class. Reid questions and criticizes the socio-political limitations of brown-centered ideologies and their entanglement within political movements for self-governance through his presentation of the failed and flawed relationships and intimacies between characters in the story. In this essay, I argue that reading the different dynamics of intimacies among characters in New Day reveals that the form of radical Jamaican brownness, or the face of Jamaican nationalism, is reproductively, culturally, and economically insistent on inhabiting whiteness and maintaining near-whiteness as their racial and political identity.

“streaming out of the atlas”: Global Consciousness beyond the East and West within US Black Feminism and Audre Lorde’s Poetry of Engagement

문샛별 조선대학교 인문학연구원 2023 인문학연구 Vol.- No.65

By reading black feminist writer Audre Lorde’s poetic oeuvre that encapsulates global consciousness beyond the East and the West, this essay aims to collect and recollect something that resides in all black feminist consciousness, willingly engaging in the prolific inclusion of other women of race, ethnicity, and nationality, enriching and empowering themselves without objectifying/minoritizing/stratifying other minority women. In the late 1980s, two decades after Black feminists engaged with the global consciousness, so-called legitimate Third World scholars critiquing postcolonialism, such as Indian feminist scholars Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak and Chandra Talpade Mohanty, Chicana feminist Chela Sandoval, or Vietnamese feminist scholar T. Minh-ha Trinh were invited to the US feminist scholarship community. It may be true that the reason that Black feminists in the 1970s were rejected by the mainstream, while the Third World feminists in the 1990s were welcomed, is that the mainstream did not have a space in which to count Black feminist voices or because the Third World feminist scholars had finally reached their time. Whatever the reason is, Black feminism’s contribution to global feminism is undervalued or even devalued by what I argue is a solid urge to silence them, rooted in white supremacy and sexism.

의사결정트리 분류 모델을 활용한 산화 환원 반응 판단 프로그램이 고등학교 3학년 학생들의 학습에 미치는 효과

문샛별,백성혜 대한화학회 2025 대한화학회지 Vol.69 No.1

이 연구에서는 학생들이 산화 환원 반응의 본질을 이해하고 판단할 수 있도록 돕기 위해 머신러닝을 활용한 산화 환원반응 판단 프로그램을 개발하였다. 학생들은 전자 이동 모델, 산화수 변화 모델, 굿스테인 모델에 근거해 여러 화학 반응식에 대한 정보를 직접 생성하고, 이를 바탕으로 의사결정트리 분류 모델을 만들었다. 머신러닝이 분류에 오류를 나타낼 때, 의사결정트리를 통해 오류 발생 원인을 확인하여 학생들이 스스로 오개념을 수정하도록 하였고, 오개념 수정 과정을 분석하였다. 연구는고등학교 3학년 학생을 대상으로 총 18차시 동안 온라인 수업으로 진행되었으며, 프로그램의 효과를 알아보기 위해 학생들의 학업 성취도와 산화 환원 반응 모델 활용 태도, 인공지능 활용 수업에 대한 인식을 분석하였다. 연구 결과, 의사결정트리 분류 모델을 활용한 산화 환원 반응 판단 프로그램은 학생들의 학업 성취도를 향상시키고 오개념을 수정하는 데 효과적이었으며, 특히산화수 변화 모델과 굿스테인 모델에서 두드러진 성과를 보였다. 학생들은 학습이 진행될수록 '설명할 수 없다'는 응답 비율이 감소하며, 모델의 장단점과 제한 조건을 이해하고 상황에 따라 적절한 모델을 선택하여 화학 반응을 해석하는 모습을 보였다. 또한, 산화 환원 반응을 단순 암기나 계산에 중점을 두고 해석하는 태도를 수정하고, 화학 결합과 구조, 전기 음성도를 이해하며 과정적 관점으로 해석하는 태도가 형성되었다. 인공지능의 즉각적인 피드백은 학생들의 오류 수정 및 스키마 자동화에 기여하여학습 경험을 개선하였고, 학생들은 화학 학습에 있어 인공지능 도구를 활용하는 것에 대해 긍정적인 태도를 보였다. 이러한 결과는 본 연구에서 개발한 프로그램이 디지털·인공지능 기초 소양 함양에 기여하였음을 시사한다. 따라서 학생들이 쉽게 다룰 수있는 인공지능 도구를 활용한 화학 수업의 필요성이 강조되며, 교사는 학습의 안내자이자 촉진자로서 인공지능의 가능성과 한계를 균형 있게 이해하고 활용해야 할 것이다. In this study, a machine learning-based redox reaction judgment program was developed to help students understand and assess the nature of redox reactions. Students directly generated information on various chemical equations based on the electron transfer model, oxidation number change model, and Goodstein model, and created a classification model using a decision tree algorithm based on this information. When machine learning showed errors in classification, the decision tree was used to identify the cause of the error, allowing students to correct their misconceptions independently, and the process of correcting misconceptions was analyzed. The study was conducted as an online class for 18 sessions for third-year high school students, and the program's effectiveness was evaluated by analyzing students' academic achievement, attitudes toward using redox reaction models, and perceptions of AI-based classes. The results showed that the redox reaction judgment program using decision tree classification model was effective in improving students' academic achievement and correcting misconceptions, with particularly notable results in the oxidation number change model and the Goodstein model. As the study progressed, the percentage of students who responded ‘I cannot explain’ decreased, and they demonstrated an understanding of the advantages, disadvantages, and limitations of the models, choosing appropriate models to interpret chemical reactions according to the situation. Furthermore, students modified their approach from interpreting redox reactions based on simple memorization or calculation to developing an attitude of understanding chemical bonds, structures, and electronegativity, interpreting them from a process perspective. The immediate feedback from AI contributed to improving the learning experience by helping students correct errors and automate their schemas, and students showed a positive attitude toward using AI tools in their chemistry learning. These results suggest that the program developed in this study contributed to the cultivation of basic digital and artificial intelligence literacy. Therefore, the need for chemistry classes using artificial intelligence tools that students can easily handle is emphasized, and teachers should understand and utilize the possibilities and limitations of artificial intelligence in a balanced manner as guides and facilitators of learning.

“DARING TO PRETEND TO DARE”: Reading a Woman of the Enlightenment in the Eighteenth-Century Prostitute Narrative, The Juvenile Adventures of Kitty F[ishe]r

문샛별 경북대학교 인문학술원 2023 동서인문 Vol.- No.21

1759 prostitute narrative The Juvenile Adventures of Miss Kitty F[ishe]r depicts the life of a notorious British courtesan named Catherine Maria Fisher. Kitty functions as a site for the representation of deviant adventures in the age of Enlightenment, demonstrating how a woman’s voyage to reason can occur for a girl of low birth and fortune, or how the characteristics of the Enlightenment can be explored and flourish outside the normality and normalcy of proper womanhood, and an alternative to the discursive realm of domesticity and private sphere. By exploring the female protagonist’s unconventional method of securing autonomy for her own body and voice by making herself an unflinching woman of her pleasure, desire, and business that places herself at the bottom/center of the sex industry and distances her from its predicament at the same time, this paper examines Kitty’s status as a so-called “fallen” woman that actively and willfully defies the social norms of womanhood and femininity in the Age of Enlightenment. In this gendered and hypersexualized exchange for sex and pleasure, Kitty can gain a dominant position by jettisoning the social illusion imbued to female minds that they must be yearning for holy matrimony and male companionship, as well as by pursuing her selfhood in a masculine proto-capitalist society. Kitty’s story may be that of a low-class woman, yet, as a self-made narrative, it is undeniably rooted in self-creation, utilizing an undesirable, contemptible way of selling her sexuality to make herself a famous and wealthy courtesan.

넬라 라슨의 『퀵샌드』와 『패싱』으로 살펴본 진정한 여성성 담론과 검은 성모 이미지에 대한 저항

문샛별 현대영미어문학회 2017 현대영미어문학 Vol.35 No.1

This paper explores how Nella Larsen, a minority female writer of mixed race and one of the most significant writers in the Harlem Renaissance, attempted to secure her inner space against multiple layers of discursive violence both in white society and in the androcentric, middle-class black community in an early twentieth-century America saturated with racism and sexism. The culture of “True Womanhood,” signified as the four womanly virtues, was one of the most predominantly masculine ideologies that suppressed not only white women in nineteenth-century Victorian England but also black women in the nineteenth- and twentieth-century America. Centering on Larsen’s two novels, Quicksand and Passing, published in 1928 and 1929 respectively, this paper attempts to contemplate the critical trajectories of Larsen’s literary rejection of the black ideal of True Womanhood, so-called “Black Victoria” or “Black Madonna,” by studying her three mulatta protagonists. .

Mapping the Terrain of New Black Fatherhood in Contemporary African American Literature

문샛별 이화여자대학교 이화인문과학원 2017 탈경계인문학 Vol.10 No.1

This paper explores the trajectories of black manhood and fatherhood in modern and contemporary American literature and literary criticism and contemplates a possible space for “good” black fathers. As we investigate how earlier discourses and discussions on black manhood have been constructed, and have remained and developed, there certainly is a change or progress in reading and creating different types of representations of black men — without focusing too much on body and sexuality — in American literature and literary criticism, starting from a ragged image considered problematic, violent, dangerous, or bereft, and under institutionalized destitution. This denigration of the black male has intensified and solidified myths of the black family — a black matriarchal family that lacks a desirable father figure, consequently leading to the effeminized, castrated black masculine presence in their communities — but has come to be questioned, leading to a somewhat hopeful, positive, and even philosophical depiction by questioning the core of defining good and bad under the dire circumstances within which African American men find themselves. By scrutinizing innocuous, caregiving father figures dwelling at home in African American novels, this paper looks back at how literary criticism and literature itself have exercised creative power in order to give birth to the “good” black men, who were deemed nonexistent or insufficient before, through re-reading, re-tracing, and re-looking at black fathers/men in novels written by renowned literary figures from Richard Wright, Ralph Ellison, James Baldwin, and Toni Morrison to contemporary — and relatively young — authors such as Leonard Pitts Jr. and Bernice L. McFadden.

어둠속에서 멜로드라마 읽기: 린 노티지의 『루인드』

문샛별 명지대학교(서울캠퍼스) 인문과학연구소 2016 인문과학연구논총 Vol.37 No.4

A Pulitzer Prize winner Lynn Nottage’s play Ruined (2009) dramatized factual descriptions on Congo in tragic turmoil while achieving literary and dramatic significance at the same time. Located between a small mining town and a forest, there is a small bar, or a brothel, that becomes the only shelter for ruined women surviving civil war. As this equivocal place—a shelter for those women and a comfort zone for both government forces and rebel ones—turns into a hopeful, romantic place for a last surviving couple in the end of the stage, many drama critics have heavily condemned this improbable romantic, rosy happy ending that belies bleak reality in Congo. This paper aims to confront these negative, pessimistic reviews regarding Ruined and to win the play’s rightful evaluation back, based on the subversive power of romance claimed by many female critics such as Janice Radway. Centering on the ending and female characters in the play, this paper explores how romance is capable of providing hopeful yet subversive connotations and how limited views on romance and reading romance can draw possibilities for these ruined women on stage.