해안지형 모니터링을 위한 해상모바일라이다 지형 측정 시스템 구축

김창환,김현욱,강길모,김기영,김원혁,박찬홍,도종대,이명훈,최순영,박현영,Kim, ChangHwan,Kim, HyunWook,Kang, GilMo,Kim, GiYoung,Kim, WonHyuck,Park, ChanHong,Do, JongDae,Lee, MyoungHoon,Choi, SoonYoung,Park, HyeonYeong 대한자원환경지질학회 2016 자원환경지질 Vol.49 No.4

Coastal areas, used as human utilization areas like leisure space, medical care, ports and power plants, etc., are regions that are continuously changing and interconnected with oceans and land. Regular monitoring of coastal changes is essential at key locations with such volatility. But the survey method of terrestial LiDAR(Light Detection and Ranging) system has much time consuming and many restrictions. For effective monitoring coastal changes, KIOST(Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology) has constructed a shipborne mobile LiDAR system. The shipborne mobile LiDAR system, installed in a research vessel, comprised a land based LiDAR(RIEGL LMS-420i), an IMU(MAGUS Inertial+), a RTKGNSS(LEICA GS15 GS25), and a fixed platform. The shipborne mobile LiDAR system is much more effective than a land based LiDAR system in the measuring of fore shore areas without shadow zone. Because the vessel with the shipborne mobile LiDAR system is continuously moved along the shoreline, it is possible to efficiently survey a large area in a relatively short time. We conducted test measurements in the Anmok-Songjung beach around the Gangneung port. Effective monitoring of the changes using the constructed shipborne mobile LiDAR system for seriously eroded coastal areas will be able to contribute to coastal erosion management and response.

생물안전 3등급 연구시설의 구성 및 이용

김창환,허경행,이완걸,정성태,Kim, Changhwan,Hur, Gyeunghaeng,Lee, Wangeol,Jung, Seongtae 한국군사과학기술학회 2015 한국군사과학기술학회지 Vol.18 No.3

Laboratory facilities for biology are designed as biosafety level 1, biosafety level 2, biosafety level 3, and biosafety level 4. Biosafety level designations are based on a composite of the design features, construction, containment facilities, equipment, practice and operation procedures required for working with agents from the various risk groups. Generally, biosafety level 3 means the facility that is appropriate for the experiments using pathogens which can cause serious diseases by aerosol transmission. The biosafety level assigned for the specific work to be done is driven by professional judgement based on a risk assessment, rather than by automatic assignment according to the particular risk group designation of the pathogenic agents to be used. In this paper, we introduced the biosafety level 3 facility operated in ADD(Agency for defense development). It contains the overview of facility, microbiological experiment, animal experiment, decontamination and waste disposal. Biosafety level 3 laboratory in ADD has served the vital role in the research of biological agents and antidote development.

생체분리 면역세포를 이용한 면역기전 연구

김창환,박상진,Kim, Changhwan,Park, Sangjin 한국군사과학기술학회 2013 한국군사과학기술학회지 Vol.16 No.3

Primary-cultured immune cells are widely used in research to elucidate the mechanism of inflammation including chemotaxis, production of reactive oxygen species, cytokine release and antigen presenting. Mice are one of the species of experimental animals commonly used for such studies. Immune cells can be isolated and cultured from various organs such as bone marrow, peritoneal cavity, lung, spleen. For elaborated experimental studies, immune cells should be elicited with inflammatory substances or proliferated in vitro with special media. This paper details methods of obtaining immune cells from various organs of mice and investigating immune mechanism using isolated immune cells. It contains standard protocols of isolating and culturing immune cells from bone marrow, peritoneal cavity and lymphoid organs. It also covers the methods of investigating immune mechanism such as ELISA, western blotting, confocal microscopy and ELISPOT assay. With the works in this study, we established the standardized isolation and analysis methods of primary-cultured immune cells.

잡음 제거를 활용한 Pix2PixHD 모델 기반의 비디오 프레임 보간

김창환(Changhwan Kim),이덕우(Deokwoo Lee) 한국통신학회 2023 한국통신학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2023 No.6

생체지표를 활용한 웹기반의 실험동물 군(郡) 분리 프로그램

김창환(Changhwan Kim),이대상(Daesang Lee) 한국생물공학회 2012 KSBB Journal Vol.27 No.1

The laboratory animal group separation is dividing animal population into subgroups, which have similar average and standard deviation values among the subgroups, based on the biological characteristics such as body weight, glucose level in blood, etc. Although group separation is very important and initial step in experimental design, it needs a labor intensive process for researchers because of making similar average and standard deviation values among the subgroups using the raw biological characteristics. To reduce the labor cost and increase the efficiency of animal grouping, we developed a web program named as laboratory animal group separation (LAGS) program. This LAGS uses biological characteristics of population, number of group, and the number of elements per each subgroup as input data. The LAGS automatically separates the population into each subgroup that has similar statistical data such as average and standard deviation values among subgroups. It also provides researchers with the extraordinary data generated in the process of grouping and the final grouping results by graphical display. Through our LAGS, researchers can validate and confirm results of laboratory animal group separation by just a few mouse clicks.

강원도 해안 익수 사고 지점의 지리적 특성 분석

김창환(Changhwan Kim),배선학(Sunhak Bae) 대한공간정보학회 2018 한국지형공간정보학회 학술대회 Vol.2018 No.11

한국 교회를 위한 서구 교회 위기에 대한 선교학적 조명

김창환(Changhwan Kim) 주안대학원대학교 2018 미션네트워크 Vol.6 No.-

This study sets out to identify the crises or decline of western churches and western Christianity as primarily missiological problems in the western churches and theological education. This researcher has discovered the fundamental origins of the crises or decline of western churches and western Christianity within the missional task and missiological education in their theological education rather than in other factors such as secularization, changed world situation, diverse practical issues, or the nature of the pastoral situations. Throughout this study, accordingly, he has intended to show the relationship between problematic missional thinking in their pastoral considerations and the approach to mission studies or missiological teaching in theological educations. This study has four main purpose: firstly, to raise missiological issues, namely, the problematic perception by western churches or Christianity of the missiological crises within their churches, by reflecting these problems as caused by their neglect of mission, an incomplete understanding of mission, questionable pastoral thinking, problematic theological education; secondly, to disclose the real crises or decline of western churches or western Christianity such as the decline of Christian numbers, being changed church buildings into other religions, and decline of pastors; thirdly, to raise their problematic diagnosis of the crises or decline of wester churches and Christianity by disclosing the increase or growth of other religions within western societies such as Islam, Buddhism, Hinduism, and Sikhism; and finally, to propose the missiological alternatives and solutions for Korean Church.

지역차별 인식과 출생지역별 노동시장 성과 격차

김창환(Kim ChangHwan) 한국사회학회 2008 韓國社會學 Vol.42 No.5

한국사회에서 노동시장에서의 출생지역별 노동시장 성과 격차가 지역갈등의 한 원인이라는 인식이 광범위하게 퍼져 있지만, 임금을 종속변수로 이용한 기존 연구는 출생지역에 따른 유의미한 격차를 발견하지 못하였다. 본 연구는 2000년 인구주택총조사의 2% 표본 자료를 이용하며, 출생지역에 따른 노동시장 성과 격차가 실재한다는 인식과 출생지역별 임금격차가 없다는 기존 연구의 간극은 직업노동시장에서 출생지역별로 관리직과 전문직의 선택기제가 다른 것에 기인함을 밝힌다. 호남출생자들이 직업지위 지수나 고위직(전문직 또는 관리직)을 획득할 확률에서는 타지역출생자들과 비슷한 성과를 거두고 있지만, 조직 내에서 지위 확보를 필요로 하는 관리직 취득 확률이 낮다. 호남출생자들은 타지역출생자에 비해 관리직보다는 전문직으로 진출하며, 전문직 중에서도 조직 내에 속하기보다는 자영업 전문직을 선택한다. 즉, 낮은 관리직 취득 확률 때문에 노동시장에서 지역차별이 있다는 인식이 발생하나, 낮은 관리직 취득 확률은 높은 전문직 취득 확률로 상쇄되기 때문에 평균 임금이나 직업지위 지수에서는 출생지역에 따른 격차가 관찰되지 않는다. 이러한 출생지별로 다른 직업노동시장 작동기제는 모든 노동계층에 동질적인 것이 아니라 학력별, 연령별로 이질적이다. It is widely believed that the labor market discrimination based on the region of birth is a significant source of regional conflicts in Korea. Empirical studies, however, do not find any significant effects of the region of birth on wages. This paper, using the 2% sample of the 2000 Korean Census, demonstrates that the cleavage between public belief and empirical studies can be filled by the findings that the types of prestigious occupations that workers occupy differ across their region of birth. The probability of having managerial occupations is substantially lower for workers born in Honam than for workers born in Seoul or Youngnam. However, workers from Honam are more likely to have professional occupations. That is, the lower likelihood of having managerial occupations for workers born in Honam may bring about the public notion of regional discrimination, but the higher probability of having professional occupations for those who born in Honam results in insignificant empirical effects of the region of birth in studies of wage gaps. These differentiated labor market achievement mechanism by the region of birth vary across educational levels as well as age groups.

직업훈련의 임금불평등 효과 분석

김창환(Kim Changhwan),김형석(Kim Hyungseog) 한국사회학회 2007 韓國社會學 Vol.41 No.3

노동패널 1998~2005년 자료를 이용하여 개인별 임금인상률과 직업훈련 효과의 관계를 측정한 결과, 직업훈련은 임금에 통계적으로 유의하게 정(正)의 효과를 보인다. 직업훈련의 임금 효과가 노동계층별로 차이를 보이는지 파악하기 위하여 성장곡선모형을 이용하여 순(純)효과를 측정하였을 때, 여성과 비정규직 노동자의 직업훈련 순효과는 남성이나 정규직 노동자보다 유의미하게 낮다. 직업훈련을 받을 수 있는 기회도 고학력, 대기업, 노조원, 기혼, 고임금산업 종사자 등 상대적으로 유리한 시장상황에 처한 노동계층이 그렇지 않은 노동계층보다 높다. 그리고 이 격차는 시간이 지나면서 더 확대되고 있다. 노동계층별 직업훈련의 임금효과의 차이와 직업훈련 기회 격차의 확대로 인하여 1998년과 2005년 사이에 직업훈련은 임금불평등을 증가시키는 데 기여하였다. 직업훈련의 총효과가 임금불평등 증가의 30~37%를 차지하는 것으로 추정된다. Using the Korea Labor Income Panel Study 1998~2005, this research shows that job training has a significantly positive impact on income growth over this period. To access the concern that the effect of job training could be differentiated by educational level and other variables, we estimated the impact of job training after controlling for the wage growth rate over time by diverse human capital and structural variables. The results demonstrate that there are no significant differences by educational levels while contingent workers and female workers are likely to have lower rates of income return of job training. In the same period, the probability of having job training has widened across educational level, gender, finn size, employment arrangements, and industry. The relatively more advantaged workers such as highly educated, male, employed in big companies, standard work arrangement, and high-income industry have substantially increased their chances of job training in recent years than do relatively disadvantaged workers. As a consequence, the total effect of job training has conduced toward the growth of income inequality. Around 30~37 percent of the growth of income inequality can be attributed to the widened probability of job training and differentiated income return across worker strata.

세대 불평등은 증가하였는가? 세대 내, 세대 간 불평등 변화 요인 분석, 1999~2019

김창환(ChangHwan Kim),김태호(Andrew Taeho Kim) 한국사회학회 2020 韓國社會學 Vol.54 No.4

세대 불평등이 증가하였다는 기존 연구는 주로 가계동향조사를 이용하여 연령 효과를 측정하였다. 하지만 기존 방법은 교육, 가구 구성 등의 공변수를 통제하지 않아 생략변수편향으로부터 자유롭지 않다. 세대 간 불평등의 증감이 세대 분포의 변화 때문인지 세대 간 소득격차에 의한 것인지도 구분하지 않고 있다. 노동시장에서의 세대 불평등을 측정하기 위해서는 개인 노동시장 소득에 기반하여 세대 효과를 추정하여야 하지만 기존 연구는 대부분 가구소득에 기반하고 있다. 본 연구는 1999~2019년 가계동향조사를 개인단위 노동시장 소득 자료로 전환하여 소득 불평등에 영향을 끼치는 세대 간 소득 격차의 순효과를 분석한다. 분석 결과, 세대 간 불평등이 증가했다는 증거를 찾을 수 없었다. 핵심노동인구를 대상으로 개인 노동시장 소득 불평등을 세대 간, 세대 내 불평등으로 요소분해한 결과 세대 내 불평등은 줄었지만, 세대 간 불평등은 증가하지 않았다. 소득 불평등 변화를 연령과 교육 효과를 포함한 다변량 요인들의 구성효과와 순효과로 좀 더 세분하여 요소분해하였지만, 마찬가지로 연령 효과가 증가하였다는 증거를 찾을 수 없었다. 86세대의 경제지배권 강화가 소득 불평등 증가의 원인이라는 증거도 찾을 수 없었다. 86세대의 소득이 증가하였지만, 그 효과는 소득상층 노동시장이 아니라 소득하층 노동시장에서 지배적이었다. 2009년 이후 세대 불평등의 증가는 핵심노동인구 내부의 연령 간 소득 격차 증가 때문이 아니라 고령인구의 구성 효과, 그 중에서도 저학력 고령인구의 구성 효과 때문이다. 2009년 이후 증가한 세대 불평등은 고령인구의 증가로 인한 착시이지 핵심노동인구의 개인 노동시장 소득 불평등 증가 때문이 아니다. 이러한 결과는 세대론으로 전반적인 소득 불평등 변화를 설명하는 기획의 타당성을 의심하게 만든다. Prior studies on the generational inequality analyzed household income using the Household Income and Expenditure Survey (HIES) and argued that the between-generational earnings gap has increased. Generational inequality, however, should be measured based on the individual labor market earnings. The results of previous studies may suffer from the omitted variable bias as they failed to control for relevant covariates. Prior studies did not distinguish the net effect of generation on earnings from the effect associated with the change in age composition. In this study, we estimate individual labor market earnings using the 1999~2019 HIES and assess whether the net effect of generation has increased in accounting for earnings inequality. Our empirical results show that contrary to the popular perception and prior studies, between-generation inequality has not grown. The detailed decomposition results which control for education and other covariates indicate that the growth of between-generational inequality is fully attributable to the increase in the size of the older population. The net effect of generation did not change. No evidence supports that the dominance of the 86 Generation at the upper labor market causes the growth in earnings inequality either. The relative increase in earnings among the 86 Generation is evident only at the lower part of the earnings distribution. These results cast serious doubt on the validity of the claim that generation is a key structural dimension of earnings inequality in South Korea.