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RED 시스템을 이용한 상악골 견인술 : 11증례의 고찰
김종렬,송인우,김시엽,황대석,Kim, Jong-Ryoul,Song, In-Woo,Kim, Si-Yeob,Hwang, Dae-Seok 대한악안면성형재건외과학회 2008 Maxillofacial Plastic Reconstructive Surgery Vol.30 No.1
The purpose of this study was to evaluate maxillay distraction for the cleft and other patients who were treated with RED $system^{(R)}$(Martin, Tuttlingen Germany). Eleven patients with severe maxillary hypoplasia who were treated between 2002 and 2007 in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial surgery, Pusan National University Hospital, are reviewed for this study. Their age at the time of surgery ranged from 7 to 22 years(mean age=15.36 years). Distraction was started at 5 days after Le Fort I or III osteotomy at a rate of 1mm per day for 10 to 20days. All patients used the Rigid External Distraction II system. After distraction was completed, a 2 to 3 months period of consolidation was undertaken. The follow-up period ranged from 1 to 6 years. The mean amount of advancement of the maxilla was 14.2mm(A-point). Relapse, VPI, and local infection around the halo pin were the most common complications. In adult patients, the relapse of maxilla ranged from 21% to 35%. In the growing child, postoperative stability of the maxilla was unstable and unpredictable.
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셀프에너지 밸런싱을 고려한 리튬이온전지의 Battery Management System 구현
김지명(Ji-Myung Kim),이후동(Hu-Dong Lee),태동현(Dong-Hyun Tae),페레이라 마리토(Marito Ferreira),박지현(Ji-Hyun Park),노대석(Dae-Seok Rho) 한국산학기술학회 2020 한국산학기술학회논문지 Vol.21 No.3
현재까지 총 29건의 전기저장장치의 화재가 발생되었는데, 이 중 22건이 신재생에너지 연계용이며, 완전충전 이후, 운전대기 상태인 휴지기간 동안에 계절과 무관하게 화재사고가 발생되었다. 이것은 병렬로 연결된 셀들의 SOC상태가 서로 다른 경우, 의도하지 않게 SOC가 높은 셀에서 낮은 셀로 전류가 이동하는 셀프에너지 밸런싱 현상으로, 일부 셀이 과충전되어 열폭주로 인한 화재의 원인으로 평가되고 있다. 따라서, 본 논문에서는 전기저장장치의 셀프에너지 밸런싱을 방지하는 새로운 BMS의 회로구성과 운용 알고리즘 그리고 SOC 평가알고리즘을 제안한다. 제안한 알고리즘과 구현한 BMS를 바탕으로 리튬이온전지의 열화 특성과 열화 및 정상 셀 간의 셀프에너지 밸런싱 특성을 분석한 결과, 정상 셀 대비 열화 셀의 방전 용량 비율은 91.75[%]이며, 열화율이 8.25[%]임을 알 수 있었고, SOC가 높은 정상셀에서 SOC 낮은 열화 셀로 전류가 이동하는 셀프에너지 밸런싱 현상이 발생함을 확인하였다. 또한, 셀프에너지 밸런싱 전류가 과도하게 높아지는 경우, BMS가 확실하게 셀들의 병렬연결을 분리하여, 리튬이온전지의 안전성을 향상시킬 수 있어, 본 논문에서 제안한 BMS의 유용성을 확인하였다. Until now, 29 fire accidents have occurred; 22 of them were caused by the interconnection of renewable energy sources that occurred during the rest period after the lithium-ion battery had been fully charged regardless of the seasons. The fire accidents of ESS were attributed to thermal runaway due to the overcharging of a few cells with the phenomenon of self-energy balancing, which is unintentional current flow from cells with a high SOC to the low cells if the SOC condition of each cell connected in parallel is different. Therefore, this paper proposes a novel configuration and operation algorithm of the BMS to prevent the self-energy balancing of ESS and presents a hybrid SOC estimation algorithm. From the test results of the self-energy balancing phenomenon between aging and normal cells based on the proposed algorithm and BMS, it was confirmed the possibility of self-energy balancing, which is unintentional current flow from cells with a high SOC to cells with a low SOC. In addition, the proposed configuration of the BMS is useful and practical to improve the safety of lithium-ion batteries because the BMS can reliably disconnect a parallel connection of the cells if the self-energy balancing current becomes excessively high.
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A. N. Whitehead의 관계맺음과 자기생성과정이 교육에 주는 함의 : 교육과정과 교육평가를 중심으로
김대석(Kim Dae-seok),성정민(Seong Jeong-min) 한국교육철학회 2016 교육철학 Vol.58 No.-
In this study we studied the implications of Whitehead's Relation & Becoming to education. We particularly studied their implications centered on curriculum and educational evaluation. The process of education is evaluation itself. If the process is results and also results are the process of continuous becoming, evaluations are the process of education and the evaluations should exist in the process of education. Because if evaluation exists out of the process of education, its being(or life) terminates. This means the process of teacher's feelings and attitudes which is accompanied with evaluation is one of the process of education. The process of teacher's feelings and attitudes is evaluation itself. This is the process based evaluation. If realities are the process of continuous becoming, the process of education is also the process of becoming. If the process of becoming is the process of positioning, the process of education is also the process of finding student's position in the world. This means evaluation should be performed to assist for students to find their positions in the world. Every being or reality has duality. This means that every reality has two characteristics. One is the complex connectedness as characteristic of micro-world and the other is the clear dividedness as characteristic of macro-world. Subject knowledges are kind of reality. They also have duality. They are connected complexly. They however, are divided clearly. We therefore, need to consider subject knowledges' duality while we integrate school curriculum. Prehension are evaluation, awareness, recognition, perception, understanding etc. Prehension is feeling itself according to Whitehead. That is, prehension is feeling and feeling surely accompanies the emotional tone of the subject. This is the subjective form. If evaluation accompanies emotional tones of subject, evaluation is never value neutrality. Evaluation surely accompanies teacher's feeling about students. Teacher's feeling while evaluating is natural. Teacher needs to use his or her feeling about students desirably.
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H<sub>2</sub>S 제거를 위한 Zeolite와 DETOX의 흡착 특성 비교 연구
박대석(Park, Dae-Seok),임지영(Lim, Jiyoung),조영근(Cho, Young-Gun),송승준(Song, Seung-Jun),김진한(Kim, Jin-Han) 한국산학기술학회 2014 한국산학기술학회논문지 Vol.15 No.7
본 연구는 흡착제 Zeolite 3A와 DETOX에 대하여 H<sub>2</sub>S의 유입농도와 흡착온도를 공정변수로 하여 포화시간, 흡착량, 흡착속도 등의 H<sub>2</sub>S 흡착 제거특성을 평가하기 위하여 수행되었다. H<sub>2</sub>S의 유입질량유속이 증가함에 따라 Zeolite 3A의 흡착 용량은 증가되었으나 포화시간은 감소되었다. 한편 DETOX의 흡착용량과 포화시간은 H<sub>2</sub>S의 유입질량유속의 증가에 따라 감소되었다. 흡착온도가 상승함에 따라 Zeolite 3A의 흡착용량과 포화시간은 감소한 반면에, DETOX에 대한 이들 값은 증가 하였다. DETOX의 H<sub>2</sub>S흡착용량은 Zeolite 3A의 2.5~16.4배 정도 높게 나타났다. 이는 흡착에서 활성화에너지장벽을 넘어설 충돌빈도는 흡착온도가 증가함에 따라 증가한 것에 기인한 것으로 해석된다. Zeolite 3A와 DETOX에 대하여 H<sub>2</sub>S의 흡착속 도는 H<sub>2</sub>S의 유입질량유속과 흡착온도가 증가함에 따라 증가하였다. H<sub>2</sub>S의 흡착속도는 Zeolite 3A가 DETOX의 4배로 나타났 다. DETOX는 Zeolite 3A에 비하여 온도 308~318K에서 포화시간은 더욱 길어지고 흡착용량은 더욱 커진다. 바이오가스 중의 H<sub>2</sub>S제거에 있어서 DETOX는 Zeolite 3A에 비하여 유리한 것으로 나타났다. This study examined the H<sub>2</sub>S removal characteristics, such as breakthrough time, adsorption capacity, and adsorption rate of adsorbents between Zeolite 3A and DETOX in terms of the H<sub>2</sub>S inflow concentration and adsorption temperature. The adsorption capacity of Zeolite 3A increased with increasing mass flow rate of hydrogen sulfide(H<sub>2</sub>S) inflow, but the breakthrough time decreased. On the other hand, both the adsorption capacity and breakthrough time of DETOX decreased with increasing mass flow rate of H<sub>2</sub>S inflow. The adsorption capacity and breakthrough time of Zeolite 3A decreased with increasing adsorption temperature but those of DETOX increased. The adsorption capacity of DETOX was higher than that of Zeolite 3A by a factor of 2.5 - 16.4 because the collision frequency that overcomes the activation energy barrier increased with increasing adsorption temperature. For Zeolite 3A and DETOX, the adsorption rate of H<sub>2</sub>S increased with increasing mass flow rate of H<sub>2</sub>S inflow and adsorption temperature. The adsorption rate of H<sub>2</sub>S for Zeolite 3A was 4 times as much as that for DETOX. For the removal of H<sub>2</sub>S in biogas, DETOX had an advantage over Zeolite 3A because DETOX had a much longer breakthrough time and greater adsorption capacity in the temperature range of 308~318K than Zeolite 3A.
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김종렬,황대석,Kim, Jong-Ryoul,Hwang, Dae-Seok 대한악안면성형재건외과학회 2007 Maxillofacial Plastic Reconstructive Surgery Vol.29 No.5
The columella, nasal tip, lip relationship in the secondary bilateral cleft deformity remains an enigma and a great challenge for the cleft surgeon. A subset of patients with bilateral cleft lip still require columellar lengthening and nasal correction, despite the advances in preoperative orthopedics and primary nasal corrections. An approach to correct this deformity is described. This consists of 1) lengthening the columella, 2) open rhinoplasty, allowing definitive repositioning of lower lateral cartilages, ear cartilage grafting to the tip and columella when necessary, 3) nasal mucosal advancement, 4) alar base narrowing and 5) reconstruction of the orbicularis oris as required. In surgical repair of the cleft lip nose, the timing of the operation(during lip closure, before or after the puberty growth sput), and the operative technique play a key role in the final result. In this study, 13 cleft lip patients who had undergone a secondary cheilorhinoplasty at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Pusan National University Hospital were evaluated to check the proper time and method of the operation.
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