청년농업인의 농촌사회 정착의 어려움과 부모의 사회자본 영향에 관한 질적 연구

정하나 한국농촌사회학회 2022 農村社會 Vol.32 No.1

현재 청년들이 경험하는 농촌의 높은 진입장벽을 해결하기 위해 기존 연구들은 공동체 중심으로 형성된 수평적 사회자본을 강조하거나 마을 구성원들과 관계를 형성하는 데 초점을 맞추고 있다. 그러나 농촌에 진입하는 청년들은 수평적인 농촌 지역사회의 사회자본보다 부모-자녀 간의 관계에서 형성되는 수직적 사회자본에 더욱 큰 영향을 받고 있었다. 본 연구에서는 농업을 종사하고 있는 청년농업인 16명을 대상으로 심층인터뷰를 진행하였다. 분석 결과, 농촌에서 부모가 형성하고 있는 사회자본에 따라 농촌에 진입하여 정 착하는 과정에서 청년들이 겪는 배제는 매우 상이하였다. 먼저 부모의 사회자본은 농촌에 진입하는 청년들에게 영향을 미치고 있었다. 특히 승계농 청년들은 부모의 사회자본으로 인해 농촌 지역사회에 진입하였을 때, 안정적으로 정착하여 농업을 시작할 수 있었다. 반면 새로운 지역에서 농업을 시작하는 창업농 청년들은 마을 구성원들의 외지인에 대한 문화적 차별과 배제로 인해 농촌 지역사회에 정착하는 과정에서 어려움을 경험하는 모습을 볼 수 있다. 이어서 부모의 사회자본 영향이 부족한 창업농 청년들은 마을 구성원들과 관계 형성이나 소통할 수 있는 기회가 제 한되어 있어 농업과 관련한 정보 공유에 있어 어려움을 경험하고 있다. 따라서 승 계농 청년과 달리 창업농 청년들은 정보 소외와 공정성이 담보되는 지원 사업에서 배제를 경험하고 있다. 본 연구의 결과는 농촌 지역사회에서 부모의 사회자본의 영향에 따라 청년들이 다양한 차별과 배제를 경험하고 있다. 부모의 사회자본은 승계농 청년에게는 긍정 적인 기능으로 작동하였고 창업농 청년에게는 부정적인 기능으로 작동하고 있다. 특히 부모의 사회자본의 혜택으로 인해 공정성을 기반으로 하는 지원 사업조차 승계농 청년은 부모의 사회자본을 활용하며, 승계농 청년을 중심으로 사회자본을 재생산하고 있음을 알 수 있다. 종합하면 부모의 사회자본은 청년들에게 기울어진 운동장처럼 서로 다른 출발 선상에서 시작하고 있음을 밝힘으로써 농촌 지역사회에서 창업농 청년들의 정착 과정을 이해하는 데 중요한 함의를 제공한다. 기존의 농촌 사회자본 연구들은 수평적 사회자본 활성화를 하기 위한 노력을 시도하였지만, 부모의 사회자본의 혜택이 청년에게 미치는 영향에 대한 연구는 주목하지 않았다. 따라서 본 연구는 농촌 지역사회에 안정적으로 정착하여 농업을 하는 과정에 있어 청년들이 경험하는 불평등의 재생산을 살펴보는 데 중요한 시사점을 제공한다. 창업농 청년들의 생존은 오로지 개인의 문제가 아니기 때문에, 창업농 청년들을 위한 정책적 지원과 사회적 관심은 매우 중요하다. 본 연구는 청년들이 농촌에 진입하였을 때 부모의 사회자본으로 인해 경험하는 배제를 중심적으로 보았다. 이를 통해 농촌에서 청년들이, 특히 높은 진입장벽을 겪는 창업농 청년들이 안정적으로 정착하며 생존할 수 있게 되기를 기대한다. Preceding studies on young farmers tend to address the high entry barriers for rural communities against newcomers. Those studies focus on horizontal social capital formed around rural local communities, which emphasizes that young new farmers need to build relationships with local members for their settlement. However, new evidence suggests a different solution; whether young farmers successfully adjust to rural areas depends more on vertical social capital inherited from parents than horizontal social capital. In this vein, this study conducted in-depth interviews with 16 young farmers. According to the analysis, discriminations and exclusions that young farmers experienced when settling in rural areas varied depending on the social capital formed by their parents. Parents’ social capital significantly influenced the young farmers entering rural areas. In this sense, young “inherited” farmers easily adjusted to already familiar local networks. In contrast, young new farmers faced many difficulties while settling in a new local network due to the territoriality of local members. Accordingly, because they lacked parents’ social capital, their relationship with local members was, at best, superficial; their involuntary lack of close connection with local members further impeded them, bereaving them of opportunities to obtain valuable agricultural information. Therefore, they experienced inequities in receiving local government funding due to lack of information and exclusion. This paper suggests that parents’ social capital heavily influences young farmers who dream of agricultural success, resulting in varying degrees of discrimination and exclusion. The parent’s social capital is a positive factor for inherited farmers, while the opposite is true for new farmers. It even had a severe impact on the determination of recipients of governmental support projects. In this sense, a reproduction of social capital is in action. In sum, parents’ social capital provides important implications for understanding the settlement process of young start-up farmers in rural areas by revealing that they are starting from different starting lines. Preceding studies on the effect of social capital in rural areas have attempted to revitalize horizontal social capital but said studies did not focus on vertical social capital inherited to young farmers. Therefore, this paper provides important implications for examining the reproduction of inequality experienced by young farmers. Since the survival of start-up farmers is not merely a problem posed to individual young farmers, policy support and social interest for start-up farmers are critical. With these supports, one could expect that young farmers, especially those experiencing high barriers, may settle and survive in rural areas stably.

청년농업인 지원정책의 개선방안

석다솜,이상래,김윤호 한국산학기술학회 2022 한국산학기술학회논문지 Vol.23 No.5

This study investigated the status of farming among young farmers who had participated in the "Young Farmers Farming Settlement Support Project" and sought their opinions on this project. The major results were as follows: First, successor farmers had higher annual sales than start-up farmers. Second, 33.1% of young farmers were growing vegetable crops. Third, the timing of funds sourcing was proving to be an obstacle as management funds were secured in the early stages of farming, and this was not adequate for investment in facilities required in the management stage of farming. Fourth, young farmers were the most satisfied with the farming settlement support fund, and support for facility modernization was considered the most important aspect of the program. The study also found that it is necessary to expand farmland rental and acquisition projects to revitalize young farmers. In conclusion, the policy to support young farmers should be improved with a move towards subdividing and supporting start-up farmers and successor farmers. Also, to secure management funds and capital for facility investments, it is necessary to provide a suitable environment for young farmers to reinvest. In particular, since the current farmland bank is not playing its role adequately, it is necessary to reorganize it into a platform that provides comprehensive support. 본 연구에서는 청년농업인의 여러 지원정책과 사업 중 ‘청년농업인 영농정착 지원사업’에 참여한 청년농업인을 대상으로 영농현황, 주 재배작목 유형, 영농정착단계별 장애요인, 지원정책의 중요도 및 만족도, 청년농업인 활성화 방안에 대해서 조사하였다. 주요 결과로는 첫째, 청년농업인을 청년창업농과 후계농업인으로 구분한 결과, 후계농업인의 연간 매출액이 더 높은 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 창업농의 36.9%, 후계농의 30.9%가 채소작물을 재배하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 영농초기단계 장애요인으로는 경영자금 확보가 가장 크고, 농장경영단계에서는 시설투자를 위한 자본의 부족이 가장 큰 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 청년농업인은 시설현대화 지원정책이 가장 중요하다고 답했고, 영농정착지원금에 대한 만족도가 가장 높은 것으로 나타났다. 이에 따라 청년농업인의 활성화를 위한 방안으로는 농지의 임대·취득 사업이 확대가 가장 필요하다고 답했다. 청년농업인 지원정책은 청년창업농과 후계농업인을 세분화하여 지원하는 방향으로 개선되어야 할 필요가 있다. 또한 경영자금의 확보를 위해서 기존의 지원사업을 개선하여 청년농업인이 투자자본을 확보하고 재투자할 수 있는 여건을 마련할 수 있도록 변화하여야 한다. 마지막으로 현재의 농지은행은 청년농업인이 농지를 확보하는 데 큰 역할을 하지 못한다. 이를 개선하여 정보제공과 거래를 지원하는 플랫폼으로 재편이 필요하다.

청년농업인의 스트레스가 영농만족과 이농의향에 미치는 영향

안다섬,장동헌,문수희 한국농촌계획학회 2022 농촌계획 Vol.28 No.2

This study analyzed the effect of young farmers’ stress on farming satisfaction and Intention to Leave the Farming. The analysis targets young people living in rural areas and engaged in agriculture among 4H members nationwide. As a result of the analysis, there were significant differences in stress of young farmers according to the characteristics of the investigator, and there were differences according to family composition and community activities. In addition, family stress and social stress showed significant results according to the type of young farmers, community activities, and economic stress according to the type and family composition of young farmers. And the stress of young farmers had a positive (+) effect on Intention to Leave the Farming, and family and social stress also had a positive (+) effect on Intention to Leave the Farming. In addition, the stress of young farmers affected farming satisfaction, and family stress and social stress also had a negative (-) effect on farming satisfaction. Therefore, efforts will be needed to improve farming satisfaction and reduce Intention to Leave the Farming by reducing stress among young farmers.

청년농업인의 자립의지와 영농지속성에서 가족지지의 매개효과 분석

권태경 ( Gweon Tae-kyeong ),장동헌 ( Jang Dong-heon ) 한국농촌계획학회 2021 농촌계획 Vol.27 No.2

In the meantime, the government has implemented various policies for young farmers at a time when the number of people in charge of agriculture and rural areas is decreasing, but it is difficult to secure a stable agricultural workforce. This study analyzed the mediating effect of family support in the will to self-reliance and farming continuation for young farmers at a time when agricultural and rural farmers are decreasing and aging. According to the analysis, young farmers are young, highly educated, have short farming experience, and mainly livestock and gardening were high. In addition, it was found that the will of young farmers to stand on their own feet influenced the sustainability of young farmers by partially selling their family support. The main implications are the need for support or support for internal growth of young farmers and the need for continuous family support. It was also understood that young farmers should have the will to stand on their own feet in order to have continuous and satisfactory farming results.

청년농업인의 혁신기술수용에 관한 연구 - 딸기재배 청년농업인을 중심으로 -

이남수,차지은,장동헌 한국농식품정책학회 2022 농업경영정책연구 Vol.49 No.2

This study attempts to investigate the factors that could affect the acceptance of agricultural technologies by considering empirical factors for new agricultural technologies, based on previous studies on the acceptance of new technologies and innovations. In order to test the hypotheses, this study used a sample of 157 young farmers under the age of 39 who grow strawberries nationwide. The results are as follows. First, as a result of verifying the hypothesis on the effect of young farmers’ personal characteristics (innovation, technical competency, self-efficacy) on perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness, the hypothesis for the innovation was adopted because it directly affected perceived usefulness. And, the hypothesis for the self-efficacy was adopted because it directly affected perceived ease of use. Second, as a result of verifying the hypothesis on the effect of young farmers’ environmental characteristics (network, social influence) on perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness, the hypothesis for the network was rejected because no significance was secured in both perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness. On the other hand, the hypothesis for social influence was adopted because it directly affected perceived ease of use. Third, As a result of verifying the hypothesis on the relationship among the perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, attitude toward using, and intention to accept technology, the hypothesis was adopted as it was shown that perceived ease of use had a direct effect on perceived usefulness, perceived usefulness had a direct effect on attitude toward using, and intention to accept technology, and perceived ease of use and attitude toward using, had a direct effect on the intention to accept technology. Summarizing this study, it was analyzed that innovation and selfefficacy among the personal characteristics of young farmers, and social influence among the environmental characteristics of young farmers influenced the acceptance intention of innovative technology. Based on these research results, policy implications for fostering young farmers as the subject of agricultural innovation were presented.

청년농업인 학습조직 활성화 방안 연구 - 영농4-H회를 중심으로

이은영(Eun Young Lee),한승연(Seung yeon Han) 중앙대학교 한국인적자원개발전략연구소 2016 역량개발학습연구 Vol.11 No.1

본 연구는 청년농업인 학습조직에서 개인차원과 조직차원의 활성화요소를 확인하고 학습조직 구성원의 인식을 살펴봄으로써 청년농업인 학습조직의 활성화를 위한 시사점을 얻고자 하였다. 연구대상은 청년농업인(영농)4-H회 회원 9명, 담당 농촌지도사 1명이었다. 첫째, 개인차원의 요소로는 비전의 공유, 혁신의지, 책무성, 협력의지, 애향심, 리더십, 의사소통능력이 도출되었다. 청년농업인들은 농업인으로서 전문성 향상을 위한 개인적 노력을 기울이고 있음에도 불구하고 4-H회의 비전으로 공유하고 있지는 못했다. 한편 새로운 기술의 적용이나 제도 개선의 의지를 갖고 있었으며 스스로 농촌의 미래를 책임지고 있다고 인식하고 있었으나 이를 학습조직을 통해 조직차원에서 적극적으로 추진해 나가고 있지는 못한 상태였다. 둘째, 청년농업인 학습조직 활성화를 위한 조직차원의 요소로는 조직정체성, 지도자의 전문성, 권한위임, 수요자중심 학습, 홍보의 강화, 영농네트워킹이 도출되었다. 청년농업인 학습조직의 조직정체성형성은 미흡한 것으로 나타났다. 학습조직활동이 원활히 추진되기 위해서는 구성원의 자율적이고 적극적인 참여가 중요하나, 활동의 주도권을 농촌진흥기관이 갖고 있어 회원들은 주도적이기보다는 참여수준에 머무르고 있어 권한위임이 필요한 것으로 타나났다. The purpose of this study was to investigate facilitating factors to improve learning organization for young farmers from individual and organizational perspectives. In depth interviews with 9 members of Young Farmers 4-H Club and 1 leader of 4-H club were conducted. The results of this study are as follows. First, the facilitating factors at the individual level include sharing of visions, will for innovation, sense of responsibility, willingness to collaborate, local patriotism, leadership, and communication skills. Second, the facilitating factors at the organization level include group identity, expertise of leaders, empowerment, learner-centered learning, promotions, and farming networking. The study results showed that Young Farmers 4-H Club did not clearly formed its identity despite it is emphasized as a learning organization for young farmers in policy. Common goals and visions for learning organizations should be clearly set so that young farmers can have prides and desires motivation for farming and this should be shared to clearly establish the identity as a learning organization for young farmers.

청년농업인의 영농다각화 활동 선택 결정요인 분석

이향미 한국농촌계획학회 2019 농촌계획 Vol.25 No.2

Securing manpower in rural areas is critical to improving the productive potential and overcome challenges caused by changes in the demographic structure and the need for diversification of the rural economy. This underpins the importance of nurturing young farmers in order to enhance the agricultural competitiveness in the rural areas. On the other hand, 42.3% of young farmers under the age of 40, which is the target age of the government-sponsored program to foster young farmers, grow rice. Meanwhile, 42.3% of the farmers are under 40 years of age which is a category of farmers targeted under the government sponsored program to advance rice production. In this study, a bivariate probit model is used to conduct substantive analysis on the potential political interventions that would persuade young farmers in the rural areas to participate in rice production in the 6th industry. In summary, most important factors identified as to influence participation of young farmers in the diversification of crop production are the utilization of information device, land, ownership of agricultural machinery, and the leasing of the cultivating land.

청년농업인의 거주지역 선택 결정요인

황정임,최윤지,최정신,정용경 한국농촌지도학회 2019 농촌지도와 개발 Vol.26 No.4

The purpose of this study is to identify the characteristics of young farmers’ residential location characteristics. Based on residential location theory and previous studies on the stated preference for residential environment of young farmers, this study develops a spatial econometrics model using housing and neighborhood variables, accessibility variables, natural environment variables and farm economics and management variables. The findings suggest that the higher rate of young farmers has a positive relationship with higher population density, higher housing price, closer distance to city centers and Eup districts compared to Myeon districts. In addition, areas which have higher rate of farmers with high sales and growing certain crops such as fruits and vegetables are revealed to have higher rate of young farmers. This study presents that maintaining rural vitality is also crucial for attracting young farmers to rural areas and remaining them in the farm as active agricultural workforce.

텍스트 네트워크 분석을 활용한 청년농업인 키워드 연구

류경헌,김종화 강원대학교 농업생명과학연구원 2023 강원 농업생명환경연구 Vol.35 No.2

This study examined issues related to young farmers shared in the media through text network analysis. We conducted Term Frequency (TF) analysis, network centrality analysis, and CONvergence of iteration CORrealtion (CONCOR) analysis by using news article data from ‘Naver’ and ‘Daum’, two representative portal sites in Korea. The TF analysis showed that the keywords with the highest frequency over the past five years were ‘support’ and ‘nurturing’. The analysis also confirmed that support and nurturing are consistently core topics in the early stages of the Young Farmers Policy. The frequency of the keyword ‘smart farm’ has also been increasing since 2018. Over time, the keyword in terms of the region has changed from provincial governments to local governments. That means that the social interests and issues related to young farmers have been changed from large to small areas. Keywords like ‘stability’, ‘settlement’, ‘future’, and ‘growth’ were highly centralized in terms of centrality analysis. It means that young farmers need the support of governments and stabilization of life to grow pivotal people in rural areas. In addition, the CONCOR analysis identified clusters of ‘support and nurture’, ‘growth and future’, ‘management training lease farms’, and ‘next generation of agricultural managers’. These clusters have significant meanings for growing young farmers.

청년농업인의 직무능력이 직무만족도에 미치는 영향 -자기효능감의 매개효과를 중심으로-

박용규,최정신,최윤지 한국농촌지도학회 2024 농촌지도와 개발 Vol.31 No.2

This study aims to examine the causal relationshps between self-efficacy and job satisfaction of young farmers by verifying the mediating effect of self-efficacy in the relationship between job ability and job satisfaction of young farmers, and to improve the job ability necessary for agriculture, and to provide implications for the development and operation of curriculum that meets the needs of farmers. To this end, an online survey was conducted on 300 young farmers under the age of 40 among 4-H members in Korea from June 17 to 28, 2022. The results of the analysis to find out the mediating effect of self-efficacy in the relationship between job ability and job satisfaction of young farmers are as follows. First, it was verified that self-efficacy plays a partial mediating role in affecting job satisfaction by verifying whether the job ability of young farmers mediates self-efficacy in the relationship between job satisfaction and job satisfaction. It can be said that the higher the job ability, the more positive the job satisfaction and the more positive the self-efficacy, which ultimately has a positive effect on job satisfaction. Second, as a result of verifying whether self-efficacy is mediated in the relationship between job satisfaction and job satisfaction by sub-factors of job competency in detail, self-efficacy plays a partial mediating role between agricultural production ability, agricultural machine management ability, and job satisfaction, and agricultural management ability and agricultural information utilization ability do not have a direct significant effect on job satisfaction.