어순 변이와 문장 의미 해석

신서인 한국어의미학회 2009 한국어 의미학 Vol.28 No.-

Shin Seo-in. 2009. Word Order Variation and Analyzing Sentence Meaning. Korean Semantics, 28. This paper has looked over various approaches to word order variation in Korean. Language typological approach shows generalized insight on basic word order; but it is not enough for word order variation in individual sentences. In syntactic approach, word order information of lexicon interact with other kinds of information such as case-marker or selectional restriction. In pragmatic approach, topic and focus, main concepts of a theory of information structure offer useful explanation for marked order. In some cases, scrambling is occurred for successful communication.

영어와 한국어 문장 기본어순 및 그 어순변이와 거리원리 도상성의 상관성 비교연구

박혜미(Park, Hyemi),박기성(Park, Kiseong) 새한영어영문학회 2019 새한영어영문학 Vol.61 No.1

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the aspects of basic word orders and their variations in English and Korean, and the interactions with the iconicity of distance principle for the basic word orders and their variations. The basic word orders are discussed in terms of word orders within the major constituents such as verb-object constructions and multiple adverbial constructions. The followings are argued in this paper. The first claim is that there are basic word orders in Korean as well as in English and the canonical symmetric arrangement between the (basic) word orders in English and Korean. The second claim is that basic word orders and their variations can be equally accounted for in terms of distance principle of iconicity, even though the principle applies more strongly for English.

어순은 언제 왜 바뀔까— 한국어 어순 변이 유형과 정보구조 —

연재훈,박종원 사단법인 한국언어학회 2022 언어학 Vol.- No.93

This paper aims to propose an analysis of scrambling or word order variation in Korean from a cognitive-pragmatic perspective. Despite the abundance of research on this issue, most extant research attempts to provide analyses of the constraints by identifying grammatical features posited for syntactic operations. We demonstrate that word order variation needs to be understood with respect to its communicative function; it is motivated by the speaker’s intention to convey intended information more effectively. It is emphasized that the word order variation we observed is motivated cognitively and pragmatically. We identified the following six strategies: juxtaposition, backmasking, add-on, right-dislocation, maxim-flouting, and floated-quantifiers(FQs). The overarching theme of these strategies concerns how the interlocutors process new and old information. As for FQs, we demonstrated that many examples found in the previous research might be judged differently under a different context. To understand the association between information structure and word order variation should be an essential task for the analysis of word order variation. We hope our findings inspire the researchers who confine their explorations mainly to the sentence level.

Capturing Lexical Variance with a Mixed Model: Verb in Ordering Variation

최혜원 담화·인지언어학회 2010 담화와 인지 Vol.17 No.1

Choi, Hye-Won. Capturing Lexical Variance with a Mixed Model: Verb in Ordering Variation. 2010. Discourse and Cognition 17.1, 113-137. Based on the dative data collected from Sejong Corpus (Kim 2000), Choi (2010) has analyzed the word order variation and proposed a statistical model of logistic regression that identifies all predictive variables that influence word order and predicts which order (between 'dative before accusative' (DA) and 'accusative before dative' (AD)) is more likely to occur, given the predictor variables. Building up on the Choi's (2010) analysis, this paper investigates whether a lexical variance caused by word is also affecting the choice of dative word order. In particular, variation caused by the verbs of dative construction is examined in depth, and verb is indeed proved to be a significant random variable. To capture the new random effect by verbs, as well as the fixed effects identified in Choi (2010), this paper proposes a new mixed model that considers fixed and random effects together (Bresnan et al. 2007, 2008, 2009, Baayen 2008, Johnson 2008). The mixed model turns out to be a more powerful model that secures higher accuracy in its predictions. (Ewha Womans University)

Length and Order: A Corpus Study of Korean Dative-Accusative Construction

최혜원 담화·인지언어학회 2007 담화와 인지 Vol.14 No.3

This paper examines the word order alternation in the dative-accusative construction in Korean. Using a million word corpus (Spoken portion of Sejong Balanced Modern Korean Corpus, Kim 2000), it shows that the length of arguments is a major factor that affects the syntactic alternation, while admitting that other factors than length are involved in order phenomena. Moreover, it quantitatively testifies to the “long before short” preference of the Korean word order.

Capturing Lexical Variance with a Mixed Model : Verb in Ordering Variation

Hye-Won Choi 담화·인지언어학회 2010 담화와 인지 Vol.17 No.1

Based on the dative data collected from Sejong Corpus (Kim 2000), Choi (2010) has analyzed the word order variation and proposed a statistical model of logistic regression that identifies all predictive variables that influence word order and predicts which order (between 'dative before accusative' (DA) and 'accusative before dative' (AD)) is more likely to occur, given the predictor variables. Building up on the Choi's (2010) analysis, this paper investigates whether a lexical variance caused by word is also affecting the choice of dative word order. In particular, variation caused by the verbs of dative construction is examined in depth, and verb is indeed proved to be a significant random variable. To capture the new random effect by verbs, as well as the fixed effects identified in Choi (2010), this paper proposes a new mixed model that considers fixed and random effects together (Bresnan et al. 2007, 2008, 2009, Baayen 2008, Johnson 2008). The mixed model turns out to be a more powerful model that secures higher accuracy in its predictions.

자유어순변이, 선형화 및 강력최소주의

이정식 대한언어학회 2012 언어학 Vol.20 No.2

This paper observes true optionality from Korean arising from free word order variation and discusses how this optionality can be accommodated within the recent strong minimalist thesis. I claim that the [+EPP] feature of a head can be satisfied in more than one way, thereby resulting in free word order variation. This allows two constituents that differ in size to satisfy the feature, with equal cost. The discussion is based on a particular view: Korean is underlyingly SVO and linearization proceeds via a mechanism like LCA. I offer arguments for the SVO hypothesis and against the SOV hypothesis in the course of deriving free word order variation observed. Thus the results of the paper support Kayne`s (1994) universal Spec-head-complement order hypothesis and help eliminate the head-parameter in the computation.

Length and Order: A Corpus Study of Korean Dative-Accusative Construction

Hye-Won Choi 담화·인지언어학회 2007 담화와 인지 Vol.14 No.3

This paper examines the word order alternation in the dative-accusative construction in Korean. Using a million word corpus (Spoken portion of Sejong Balanced Modern Korean Corpus, Kim 2000), it shows that the length of arguments is a major factor that affects the syntactic alternation, while admitting that other factors than length are involved in order phenomena. Moreover, it quantitatively testifies to the “long before short” preference of the Korean word order.

Case and Word Order Variation

채명희,조세연 대한언어학회 2004 언어학 Vol.12 No.3

The Linguistic Association of Korea Journal, 12(3), 81-103. The purpose of this study is to provide a formal analysis of word order variation (or "freezing" phenomena) in a free word order language like Korean under the Domain Theory. Though Korean is known as a relatively free word order language, the canonical word order based on obliqueness is sometimes fixed under some conditions. To identify those conditions, we claim that Case consists of Potential Case and Realized Case, and that both kinds of Case, together with the information on Animacy of the NP, play a role in restricting the word order variation in the language. The two generalizations captured from various scrambling data are represented into two LP constraints, i.e. the PC Constraint (LP2) and the RC and ANI(MACY) Constraint (LP3). Adopting the Domain Theory proposed by Reape (1994, 1996), we define word order in terms of “word order domains".

『캔터베리 이야기』에 나타난 영어 어순 변이

박순봉 ( Soon Bong Park ) 건국대학교 동화와번역연구소 2013 동화와 번역 Vol.26 No.-

본 논문에서는 캔터베리 이야기에 나타난 중세영어의 어순의 변이 현상에 대하여 살펴보았다. 어순에 대하여 분석한 결과 현대영어와는 다른 다음과 같은 특이한 현상들을 보여주고 있다. 첫째, 명사구 내에서의 어순의 변이현상은 다음과 같다. (20) a. [NP D+A+N] ==>[NP D+N+A] b. [NP D+A+N+PP] ==>[NP PP+D+A+N] c. [NP D+A+N+[AP A + to-inf]] ==>[NP D+A+N+[AP to-inf +A]] d. [NP D+A+N+[AP Part+PP]] ==>[NP [AP PP+Part]+D+A+N] 둘째, 명사구 내의 핵명사를 수식하는 관계절은 그것이 수식하는 명사와 상당히 떨어져서 나타나는 경우를 볼 수 있었다. 셋째, 명사구 내에서 수사가 명사를 수식할 경우에 수사는 수식하는 핵명사와 완전히 떨어져 문미에 위치하는 경우를 볼 수 있었다. 넷째, 목적어, 보어, 부사(구)가 문두에 올 경우, 다양한 어순을 보여주고 있다. 다섯째, 목적어, 보어, 부사(구)가 문중에 올 경우, 여러 가지 어순을 보여주고 있다. 여섯째, 조동사의 어순은 현대영어와 상이한 현상을 보여주고 있다. 일곱째, 이상에서 알 수 있는 바와 같이 캔터베리 이야기에서 보여지는 중세영어의 어순은 현대영어와는 판이하게 다른 현상을 보여주고 있음을 알 수가 있다. 그럼에도 불구하고, 이러한 현상은 문장 내에서의 이동이므로 촘스키의 인접조건을 잘 지키고 있으나, 로쓰의 등위구조제약은 어기는 예들을 볼 수 있었다. 여덟째, 캔터베리 이야기에 나타난 중세영어의 어순은 목적어, 보어, 부사(구)가 문장 내에서 자유롭게 나타남을 알 수가 있는데, 중세영어의 문장의 구조는 계층구조가 아닌 평면구조를 가지고 있을 것이라고 생각할 수 있다. 마지막으로, 캔터베리 이야기의 어순은 촘스키의 인접조건 및 기타로쓰의 제약들을 대체로 잘 지키고 있으나, 위배하고 있는 경우는 캔터베리 이야기가 운문이기 때문에 각운을 지키려고 하다가 보니까 어순을 위배하는 경우가 많이 나타나게 되었다고 볼 수 있다. 그러나, 이러한 경우에도 가능하면 현대영어에서 보여지는 조건이나 제약들을 대체로 지켜서 표현되고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 그리고 본 논문에서 논의되지 않은 사항으로는 현대영어에서의 보문자가 두개 연속하여 나올 수 없다는 보문자제약(Complementiser Constraint)과 For-to Filter와 같은 여과(Filters)에 대해서는 다루지 않았다. 추후 더 많은 연구가 필요할 것으로 판단된다. This paper looks into the middle English Word Variation in Chaucer`s Canterbury Tales. The characteristics of word order in Middle English compared with Modern English are as follows: (1) The word order in the noun phrase appeared in the following way. a. [NP D+A+N] ==> [NP D+N+A] b. [NP D+A+N+PP] ==> [NP PP+D+A+N] c. [NP D+A+N+[AP A+to-inf]] ==> [NP D+A+N+[AP to-inf +A]] d. [NP D+A+N+[AP Part+PP]] ==> [NP [AP PP+Part]+D+A+N] (2) The relative clause modifying its head noun appears as follows. [D+N+PP + RelC +(ther was also)] ==> [D+N+ +(ther was)+PP+(also)+RelC] (3) The numerals modifying its head noun can be separated as follows. [S+MV+Num+N+Ad] → [N+Ad+S+MV+Num] (4) The word order related with objects, complements, and adverb phrases will be as follows in the beginning of the sentence. 1) a. [O+AV+S+MV] b. [O+S+MV] c. [O+MV+S] 2) a. [C+MV+S] (7) Even though many differences in word order between modern English and Canterbury English can be found, the latter obeys the rules and constraints that Chomsky and Ross proposed except coordinate structure constraints. (8) According to the above facts, we can guess that the structure of the Canterbury English will be flat structure, not hierarchical structure. (9) Finally, because Canterbury Tales is a verse and it follows the rules of versification, the word order could be intertwined so drastically that it shows a lot of differences compared with modern English.